BIOL 1442 Ch 29 Amphibians

Amphibians are ( ) and include

vertebrate tetrapods; frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

Amphibia are the only

true vertebrates that have made a transition from water to land both in their ontogeny and phylogeny

Amphibians are characterized by

four well-developed limbs, moist permeable skin used for respiration and water intake

All extant adult amphibians are

carnivorous

The jaws of amphibians include

multiple small teeth at edge, and may contain vomerine teeth at the roof of the mouth

Amphibian teeth are

pedicellate, which means that the root and crown are calcified and separated by a zone of noncalcified tissue

Amphibian eyes are

image-forming with color vision

Ears in amphibians are

best developed in frogs and toads; frogs have an inner ear for detecting higher and lower sounds (pa

The fossil record shows that evidenve of the first tetrapods:

now-extinct amphibian species dating to nearly 400 million years ago

Aquatic tetrapods of the Devonian period include

Ichthyostega and Acanthostega

The Carboniferous period is sometimes called

age of the amphibians

All living amphibians are classified into ( ), which includes

lissamphibia; Urodela(tailed), Anura (tailless), and apoda (legless)

The order Urodela includes

salamanders

Salamanders have a ( ) body plan and move by

generalized tetrapod; bending their bodies from side to side (lateral undulation)

The majority of salamander’s respiration goes through

the skin or external gills in aquatic species

salamanders reproduce through ( ) where the male

internal fertilization; deposits sperm in a packet called a spermatophore, which is subsequently picked up by the female

Anura include

frogs

The body plan of frogs include

hind limbs and an arrow-like endoskeleton

Frog eggs are fertilized

externally

The life cycle of frogs consists of

two distinct stages: larval followed by metamorphosis to the adult stage

Apoda include

caecilians

Caecilians have no

limbs

caecilians feed by

using teeth in both jaws on a variety of organisms found in soil

Caecilians have a

single lung

In caecilians, males have ( ) and fertilization is ( )

copulatory structures; internal