Acid-Base Titration Practice Flashcards

Terminology and concepts related to acid-base titration, including equipment, key process points, and pH behavior for different acid-base strengths.

Titration

A procedure commonly used to determine an unknown amount of acid or base in a solution using a known concentration of a solution.

Titrant

The solution with a known concentration used in a titration to determine an unknown concentration.

Analyte

The solution of unknown concentration but known volume that is held in a conical flask or beaker during titration.

Burette

A graduated glass tube on a stand used to measure the volume of titrant added to the analyte.

Equivalence Point

The point of the reaction where the moles of acid is equivalent to the moles of base, resulting in a stoichiometric balance.

Endpoint

The point in a titration at which a sharp change in a measurable property occurs, such as a color change from an indicator.

Indicator

A weak acid substance that undergoes a color change at a known pH to signal when the reaction is finished.

Phenolphthalein

An acid-base indicator that undergoes a color change at approximately pH 8 or 9.

Spectator Ions

Ions such as sodium ($Na^+$) and chloride ($Cl^-$) that remain dissociated in water and do not affect the pH of the solution.

Strong Acid and Strong Base Titration

A titration resulting in an equivalence point at a pH of 7, where the pH is determined exclusively by the autoionization of water.

Strong Acid and Weak Base Titration

A titration resulting in an equivalence point with a pH less than 7 (acidic) because the weak base creates a conjugate acid that produces hydronium ($H_3O^+$) ions.

Strong Base and Weak Acid Titration

A titration resulting in an equivalence point with a pH greater than 7 (basic) because the weak acid creates a conjugate base that produces hydroxide ions.

Ammonium Chloride ($NH_4Cl$)

The salt produced from the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid; its ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$) acts as a conjugate acid that lowers the pH at the equivalence point.