Architecture Appreciation Exam 1: Briar Jones MSU

architecture

Discipline dealing with principles of design and construction, ornamentation of fine buildings

What do the profession of designing buildings and environments consider for…

aesthetic effect

Architecture responds to the of its users and it rises to the level of _

needs; art

Architecture is connected to a particular place and relates the the specifics of….

geography, climate and the surroundings

site

what architects call the particular place a building is to be constructed

Why is architecture important?

because it permanently records a civilization's aesthetic tastes, material resources and political and social aspirations

What does architecture help define?

place

Vitruvius 3 principles essential to Architecture

firmness: structure

commodity: function

delight: beauty

representation

accurate record of things/ experiences

abstraction

simplification toward more intense, reductive meaning

symbolism

substitution of an image for reality, general, concepts or ideas

Architects shape space using what elements?

solids, voids, scale, massing, proportion, rhythm, color, texture, light

relationship between ____ creates architectural space

solids and voids

symmetry

designing one side of a space to mirror the opposite

asymmetry

architectural elements that are unevenly spaced in size, shape and or position

visual scale

size or proportion a building element appears to have relative to other elements of known or assume sized

proportion

quantified relationship among the parts of an element, as well as the relationship of that element to the whole

the golden section

greek mathematician Euclid an irrational proportion with special mathematical and spatial relationships

Le Corbusiers Modular created

harmonic numbers, one was the average height of the human being and the other the height of a man with raised arms

massing

Composition of 3D shapes or volumes into a building design

acoustics

branch of physics that deals with the production control, transmission, reception and effects of sound

context

built or natural environment that surrounds new building

Dormer Window

vertical window in a projection on a sloping roof

Bay Window

window projecting from the surface of the wall to allow light from three sides

Ribbon Window

horizontal band of windows

Casement Window

window sash opening on hinges generally attached to the vertical side of the frame

Transom Window

window above the doorway

Clerestory

A portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops and having windows to admit daylight

Arched Doorway

associated with Roman and Gothic architecture

Pedimented doorway

a triangle shaped element historically made of stone

Venetian Doorway

door opening with a semicircular window (fanlight) above and flanked by vertical window (sidelights) similar to Palladian window

French Doors

door having rectangular glass panes extending throughout its length of ten hung in pairs

sliding doors

door that operates or moves by sliding on a track

building type

architectural form which has become accepted by society through repeated use

Example of building type

cathedral, bank, train station, palace, castle…

3 things are required for ANY Architecture project

Need, Land site, Financing

building program

clients list of practical requirements for a design program/project

the first art school

Ecole des Beaux est in 1700

What are the steps to become a licensed architect?

5 year BARC

or 4+2 MARC

or 3+ year MARC

Min. 3 year internship minimum weeks of exposure to carious aspects of practice

pass 7 part ARE 4.0 exam

What do basic architecture services consist of ?

schematic design

design development

construction documents

bidding and contract negotiations

construction phase

Specifications

the part of the contract documents consisting of a detailed description of the technical nature of the materials, standards, and quality of execution of the work

Final drawings and specifications are stamped with what

architects seal

Do architects build buildings?

nope

They provide instructions consisting of

drawings, specifications, and various contracts

Who said "God is in the details"

Mies van der Rohe

Shed roof

slopes to one side

gable roof

slopes to two sides

hipped roof

sloping ends and sides that meet at a ridge

pavilion roof

shaped like a pyramid and is used to cover a square structure

barrel vault

semi circular roof

gambrel roof

combines two different pitches

mansard roofs

two different pitches below ridge named for french architect farncois mansart

flat roof

flat

Rusticated wall

made of stone that are typically rough and raised off the wall surface

on campus examples: YMCA Building and Montgomery Hall

half timbered

having a framework with the spaces filled with masonry or plaster

clapboard siding

wood siding laid horizontally

board and batten siding

wood siding laid vertically consisting of wide boards and narrow battens

stucco

coarse plaster composed of cement, sand and lime mixed with water and used to cover exterior walls

masonry

brick stone and concrete block

lancet window

tracery

trefoil

quatrefoil

Palladian window

round headed window flanked by two smaller windows (also called Serlian or Venetian)

double hung window

window having 2 vertically hung sashes each in separate tracts

oxyeye window

a comparatively small found or oval window used on a dormer

ex. Montecello

abstract drawing

simplification