Chemistry: Homologous series

3 things in common between homologous series

differ by CH2
same general formulae
same functional group

gerneral formuale of hydrocarbons

Alkane - CnH2n+2
Alkene - CnH2n
Alkyne - CnH2n-2

what is a functional group

group of atoms that gives teh homologous series its characteristics

Alkane

hydrocarbons wher all C-C bonds are singular

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons where there is atleast 1 C-C double bond

Alkyne

Hydrocarbons where there is atleast 1 C-C triple bond

Alchol

molecules containing atleast 1 O-H (hydroxyl) group

Aldehyde

mldecules that contain C-H-O at the end

Ketone

molecules that contain a C-O double bond in the middle

Carboxylic acid

have a COOH group at the end

Esters

has a COOC group in the middle

saturated

has only C-C single bonds, doesnt decoolourise bromine from brown to colourless, doesnt decolourise acidified KMnO4 from pink to colourless

unstaturated

has a double or triple c-c bond, decolourises KMnO4 from pink to colourless, decolourises bromine from brown to colourless

aromatic

has a benzene ring, aspirin/ para

cyclic

has no terminal (end) carbons,

aliphatic

has carbon chains, branched or straight