GI Tract and Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum

Sonography Focused

parietal and visceral

what are the 2 divisions of the peritoneum?

parietal peritoneum

what is the peritoneum type that is serous, semi-permeable, lines the abdominal wall, and has anterior and posterior extensions?

lesser omentum and falciform ligament

what are the two parietal anterior extensions?

lesser omentum

what has “fatty skin” and lies between the stomach, duodenum, and porta hepatitis?

falciform ligament

what attaches the anterior liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall?

the greater omentum and mesentery

what are the two extensions of the posterior parietal?

greater ommentum

what is a sheath of fat that covers the intestines and attaches to bottom of the stomach?

mesentery

what extends off the posterior abdomen wall and has 2 sections?

water, electrolytes, leukocytes, antibodies, salt, cells

what are some things that the peritoneal fluid contains?

the greater and lesser sac

what are the two peritoneal compartments?

the retroperitoneal

what lies behind the peritoneum?

anterior pararenal space, perirenal space, posterior pararenal space

what are the three divisions of the retroperitoneal?

anterior pararenal space

what lies between the posterior peritoneum and the anterior and posterior renal fascia?

anterior pararenal space

what space includes the duodenum, pancreas, ascending and descending colon, and roots of small bowel mesentery?

perirenal space

what space is contained by gerotia’s fascia and the largest area in the Retroperitoneum?

perirenal space

what space contains kindeys, renal vessels, adrenal glands, uterus and collecting systems, aorta and IVC, lymph nodes, fat

posterior pararenal space

what space contains no major organs and houses some vessels and fatty tissue

posterior parietal peritoneum

what is the anterior retroperitoneal border?

posas and ql muscle and spine

what is the posterior retroperitoneal border?

tranversalis fascia and peritoneal mesentery

what is the lateral retroperitoneal border?

diaphragm

what is the superior retroperitoneal border?

pelvic brim

what is the interior retroperitoneal border?

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum

list out the oral to end of sequence of the GI tract

lumen interface, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa

what is the outer to inner gut signature layers?

bright, dark, bright, dark, bright

name the sequence of bright and dark for the gut signatures from outer to inner

jejunum

what part of the small bowel has more conspicuous valvulae conniventes and is commonly central?

ileum

what part of the small bowel has less prominent folds; follow towards the ileocecal valve?

the large bowel

what has haustra?

peristalsis

what is the term for when spontaneous movement changes the wall and lumen over time?

compressibility

what is it called when a gentle graded pressure changes loop shape and improves the window?

skin, subcutaneous fat/superficial fascia, muscle and aponeuroses, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum

what are the 6 layers of the abdominal wall?

linea alba

what is the midline fascia?

linea semilunaris

what is the lateral rectus border?

rectus sheath

what is the aponeurotic envelope?

inguinal ligament

what is the asis to pubic tubercle?

rectus abdominis

what is this muscle?

external oblique

what is this muscle?

internal oblique

what is this muscle?

transversus abdominis

what is this muscle?

left and right psoas major

what is this muscle?

quadratus lumborum

what is this muscle?

small bowel

where do most of the digestive processes take place?

large bowel

where does much of the remaining fluid get absorbed and undigested products are eliminated?

pharynx

what extends from the under surface of the skull to the level of cricoid cartilage?

esophagus

what begins at the cricoid cartilage and ends at the stomach after passing through the left dome of the diaphragm?

cardiac (esophageal) orifice

what is the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach called?

peritoneum

what is the serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera or internal organs and lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvis?

parietal peritoneum

what layer of the peritoneum lines the walls of the pelvic and abdominal cavities?

visceral

what layer of the peritoneum covers the organs?

greater sac

which peritoneal cavity extends from the diaphragm into the pelvis?

lesser sac

which peritoneal cavity lies behind the stomach and communicates with the other sac?

epiploic foramen or foramen of winslow

what is the oval window opening called where the lesser sac communicates with the greater sac?

peritoneal ligaments

what are 2 layer folds that connect internal organs to other organs?

mesenteries

2 layer folds of peritoneum that connect parts of intestine to posterior abdominal wall

esophagus

what it the yellow part of the stomach?

cardia

what is the green part of the stomach?

cardial notch

what is the arrow pointing to the curve in the green called?

fundus

what is the bright red part of the stomach called?

body

what is the big red portion of the stomach called?

pyloric antrum

what is the purple part of the stomach called?

pyloric canal

what is the blue part of the stomach called?

angular incisure

what is the arrow pointing to above the purple called?

pylorus

what is the line between the blue and orange part of the stomach called?

duodenum

what is the orange part?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

what are the three parts of the small bowel?

duodenal bulb, descending duodenum, transverse duodenum, and ascending duodenum

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum

duodenal bulb

what part of the duodenum begins at the pylorus and ends at the medial side of the gallbladder neck?

descending duodenum

which part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal with limited mobility and receives common bile duct and main pancreatic duct?

transverse duodenum

the gallbladder, right lobe of the liver and medial portion of the left lobe of the liver are anterior to this part of the duodenum

ascending duodenum

this part of the duodenum attaches to the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure. And is held in place by the suspensory ligament.

intra

the jejunum and ileum are ___peritoneal

jejunum

what occupies the umbilical and left iliac regions?

ileum

what part of the small bowel occupies the umbilical, hypogastric, right iliac, and pelvic regions? And it opens into the cecum (inner side of large bowel)?

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anus

what are the divisions of the large bowel?

hepatic flexure

what is the name of the right colic flexure?

splenic flexure

what is the name of the left colic flexure

cecum

what part of the large bowel has a blind cul-de-sac. appendix opens into this

ascending colon

what part of the large bowel arises from right iliac fossa, across the iliac crest, and to the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

transverse colon

what part of the large bowel is anterior to the duodenum

descending colon

what part of the large colon goes into the left iliac fossa and becomes the sigmoid colon?

rectum

what penetrates the levator Ani muscle to become the anus

esophagus

what gets its blood supply from the gastric branch and left inferior phrenic arteries?

jejunum

what part of the small bowel has greater vascularity, larger villi, and Brunner (duodenal) glands

haustra

what moves contents through the colon?

celiac, SMA, and IMA

what vasculature provides blood flow to the small and large intestines?

celiac artery

what vasculature provides blood flow to the duodenum?

gastrin

what is the endocrine hormone released from the stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid?

cholecystokinin

what is released by the presence of fat in the intestine and regulates gallbladder contraction and gastric emptying?

secretion

what is released by the small bowel “natures anti acid” and stimulates secretion of bicarbonate and lowers acid content of intestine.

duodenum, gallbladder, and portal confluence

what forms a triad to localize the head of the pancreas?

neoplasm

what is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue, tumor

ulceration of bowel

what is an open sore or break in inner lining of small and large intestines?

intussusception

what is it called when one part of the intestine slides inside an adjacent section

ascites

the abnormal buildup of excess fluid inside abdomen

ileus

paralysis of bowel loops

stenosis

abnormal narrowing of body passage, canal, blood vessel

fistula

abnormal tunnel or connection that forms between 2 body structures

meckel diverticulum

remains of yolk sack projecting from the side of the ileum