Miscellaneous fastidious gram negative rods

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68 Terms

1
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What mode of infection are the miscellaneous gnrs assoicated with?

Zoonotic or special epidemiology

2
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How is a pasteurella multocida infection aquired?

Cat and dog bites, normal flora for cats and dogs

3
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What is the colony morphology of pasteurella multocida?

Smooth gray, moist with brownish/green discoloration/ halo at 48 hours on BA, also grows on CHOC

4
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What is the gram stain of pasterurella multocida?

Gram negative coccobacilli with bipolar staining (safety pin)

5
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What is the LAO reaction for P. multocida?

-/-/+

6
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What are the indole and nitrate reactions for P. multocida?

Positive for both

7
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When is P. multocida H2S positive?

With lead acetate strips

8
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What sugars can P. multocida ferment?

Glucose, sorbitol and galactose

9
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Is P. multocida motile?

Non-motile

10
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Which misc gram negative rods are urease negative?

Pasturella multocida and Francisella tularensis

11
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What is the causative agent of tularemia?

Francisella tularensis

12
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What is tularemia also known as?

Rabbit fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever

13
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How is tularemia aqquired?

  • ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bites, contact with infected tissue

  • infected meat

  • infected food or water

  • aerosolized blood or feces

14
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What is tularemia classified as?

A category A bioagent

15
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What kinds of infections does tularemia cause?

  • ulcer glandular disease

  • tularemic pneumonia

  • typhoidal tularemia

16
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What precautions must be taken with Francisella tularensis?

BSL-3 precautions

17
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How does Francisella tularensis grow on most media?

Poorly, needs increased CO2

18
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What agars will Francisella tularensis grow on?

  • BCYE -contains cysteine

  • CHOC with cysteine

  • Thayer Martin Agar

19
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What is the colony morphology of F. tularensis?

transparent, dew-drop, mucoid

20
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What is the gram stain of F. tularensis?

Tiny, gram negative rod or coccobacilli, faintly staining

21
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What are the oxidase and catalase reactions of P. multicida?

Catalase and oxidase positive

22
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What are the oxidase and urease reactions for F. tularensis?

Oxidase and urease negative

23
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Which misc gnrs are nitrate negative?

  • Francisella tularensis

  • Bordetella pertussus

24
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What is the catalase and beta-lactamase reaction of F. tularensis?

Weak to both

25
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Is F. tularensis biochemically active?

No, fairly inert

26
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What are the major species of brucella?

  • B. abortus (cattle)

  • B. suis (swine)

  • B. melitensis (goats and sheep, camels)

  • B. canis (dogs)

27
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Where is Brucella normal flora?

In the genital and urinary tracts of animals

28
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How are humans infected with Brucella?

  • infected meat and dairy

  • close contact with animals

  • breathing in organism

  • skin wounds

29
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What is Brucella classified as?

A category B bioagent

30
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What is the causative agent of undulant fever?

Brucella

31
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What are the symptoms of brucella infections?

  • Acute infection: flu like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and weight loss

  • Undulant fever

  • can infect lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone

32
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How long must brucella cultures be held for and why?

21 days as brucella is a strict aerobe and grows slowly

33
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What is in brucella agar?

TSA base, liver infusion, calf serum and yeast

34
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What is the colony morphology of brucella?

Smooth, gray to translucent, non-hemolytic colonies

35
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Which misc GNR will not grow on MAC?

  • pasteurella multocida

  • francisella tularensis

  • Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis

36
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How does Brucella spp use glucose?

Oxidatively

37
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What are the catalase, oxidase, nitrate and urea reactions for brucella?

All positvie

38
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Which brucella species produce H2S?

  • brucella melitensis and abortus

  • B. suis is variable

39
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Which brucella spp will grow on basic fuchsin?

Brucella melitensis and abortus

40
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Which brucella spp will growth with thionin?

Brucella melitensis and suis

41
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How is bordetella spp spread?

Via airborne droplets

42
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Which bordetella is the causative agent of whooping cough?

B. pertussis

43
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Which bordetella spp causes a milder form of whooping cough?

Bordetella parapertussis

44
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Which bordetella spp mainly infects the immunocompromised and those the work with animals?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

45
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What infection does bordetella brochispetica cause in animals?

Kennel cough

46
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What agars are brodetella grown on?

  • bordet-gengou

  • BCYE with 10% horse blood and 40mg/dl of cephalexin

47
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What is the gram stain of bordetella?

Gram negative coccobacillus

48
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How are bordetella specimens collected?

Nasopharyngeal swabs or washes

49
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How long are bordetella species incubated for?

Seven days

50
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Which bordetella are motility and nitrate negative?

Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis

51
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Which Bordetella is oxidase negative?

B. parapertussis

52
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Which bordetella are urease producers?

B. parapertussis (24 hr) and B. bronchiseptica (4 hr)

53
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Which Bordetella spp will grow on MAC?

B. bronchiseptica

54
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Which bordetella will grow on BA but not MAC?

B. parapertussis

55
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Where is Legionella pneumonphila usually found?

Aquatic ecosystems, hot springs and lakes

56
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How do human get legionella infections?

  • airborne spread through AC and cooloing towers

  • potable water

57
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What are the two classical manifestations of legionella pneumophila

  • Legionnarie’s diease

  • pontiac fever

58
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What are the ideal specimens for legionella infections?

sputum, blood and urine

59
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What media will legionella grown on and do colonies appear?

BCYE and as round convex colonies with opalescent appearance

60
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What is the gram stain for legionella?

Faint staining, thin gram negative rod

61
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Is biochemical testing useful for the detection of legionella?

No, EIA and latex agglutination are more useful. FA stain and DNA probe also used to ID

62
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What is bartonella henselae cause?

Cat scratch fever

63
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How are humans infected with bartonella?

Cat scratches, flea feces containing bacterium

64
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What are the symptoms of cat scratch fever?

  • non-painful bump or blister at site of injury

  • Painful swollen lymph nodes

  • exhaustion, headache or fever

65
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What is the gram stain of bartonella henselae?

Slightly curved gram negative rod

66
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How is bartonella usually diagnosed?

Serologically with acute and convalescent sera two weeks apart, look for four fold dillution

67
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What is Bartonella henselase’s oxidase reaciton?

Negative

68
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What does the cultivation of leptospira interrogan require?

Fletcher or stuart’s media that contain rabbit or bovine serum albumin