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What mode of infection are the miscellaneous gnrs assoicated with?
Zoonotic or special epidemiology
How is a pasteurella multocida infection aquired?
Cat and dog bites, normal flora for cats and dogs
What is the colony morphology of pasteurella multocida?
Smooth gray, moist with brownish/green discoloration/ halo at 48 hours on BA, also grows on CHOC
What is the gram stain of pasterurella multocida?
Gram negative coccobacilli with bipolar staining (safety pin)
What is the LAO reaction for P. multocida?
-/-/+
What are the indole and nitrate reactions for P. multocida?
Positive for both
When is P. multocida H2S positive?
With lead acetate strips
What sugars can P. multocida ferment?
Glucose, sorbitol and galactose
Is P. multocida motile?
Non-motile
Which misc gram negative rods are urease negative?
Pasturella multocida and Francisella tularensis
What is the causative agent of tularemia?
Francisella tularensis
What is tularemia also known as?
Rabbit fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever
How is tularemia aqquired?
ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bites, contact with infected tissue
infected meat
infected food or water
aerosolized blood or feces
What is tularemia classified as?
A category A bioagent
What kinds of infections does tularemia cause?
ulcer glandular disease
tularemic pneumonia
typhoidal tularemia
What precautions must be taken with Francisella tularensis?
BSL-3 precautions
How does Francisella tularensis grow on most media?
Poorly, needs increased CO2
What agars will Francisella tularensis grow on?
BCYE -contains cysteine
CHOC with cysteine
Thayer Martin Agar
What is the colony morphology of F. tularensis?
transparent, dew-drop, mucoid
What is the gram stain of F. tularensis?
Tiny, gram negative rod or coccobacilli, faintly staining
What are the oxidase and catalase reactions of P. multicida?
Catalase and oxidase positive
What are the oxidase and urease reactions for F. tularensis?
Oxidase and urease negative
Which misc gnrs are nitrate negative?
Francisella tularensis
Bordetella pertussus
What is the catalase and beta-lactamase reaction of F. tularensis?
Weak to both
Is F. tularensis biochemically active?
No, fairly inert
What are the major species of brucella?
B. abortus (cattle)
B. suis (swine)
B. melitensis (goats and sheep, camels)
B. canis (dogs)
Where is Brucella normal flora?
In the genital and urinary tracts of animals
How are humans infected with Brucella?
infected meat and dairy
close contact with animals
breathing in organism
skin wounds
What is Brucella classified as?
A category B bioagent
What is the causative agent of undulant fever?
Brucella
What are the symptoms of brucella infections?
Acute infection: flu like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and weight loss
Undulant fever
can infect lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone
How long must brucella cultures be held for and why?
21 days as brucella is a strict aerobe and grows slowly
What is in brucella agar?
TSA base, liver infusion, calf serum and yeast
What is the colony morphology of brucella?
Smooth, gray to translucent, non-hemolytic colonies
Which misc GNR will not grow on MAC?
pasteurella multocida
francisella tularensis
Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis
How does Brucella spp use glucose?
Oxidatively
What are the catalase, oxidase, nitrate and urea reactions for brucella?
All positvie
Which brucella species produce H2S?
brucella melitensis and abortus
B. suis is variable
Which brucella spp will grow on basic fuchsin?
Brucella melitensis and abortus
Which brucella spp will growth with thionin?
Brucella melitensis and suis
How is bordetella spp spread?
Via airborne droplets
Which bordetella is the causative agent of whooping cough?
B. pertussis
Which bordetella spp causes a milder form of whooping cough?
Bordetella parapertussis
Which bordetella spp mainly infects the immunocompromised and those the work with animals?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
What infection does bordetella brochispetica cause in animals?
Kennel cough
What agars are brodetella grown on?
bordet-gengou
BCYE with 10% horse blood and 40mg/dl of cephalexin
What is the gram stain of bordetella?
Gram negative coccobacillus
How are bordetella specimens collected?
Nasopharyngeal swabs or washes
How long are bordetella species incubated for?
Seven days
Which bordetella are motility and nitrate negative?
Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis
Which Bordetella is oxidase negative?
B. parapertussis
Which bordetella are urease producers?
B. parapertussis (24 hr) and B. bronchiseptica (4 hr)
Which Bordetella spp will grow on MAC?
B. bronchiseptica
Which bordetella will grow on BA but not MAC?
B. parapertussis
Where is Legionella pneumonphila usually found?
Aquatic ecosystems, hot springs and lakes
How do human get legionella infections?
airborne spread through AC and cooloing towers
potable water
What are the two classical manifestations of legionella pneumophila
Legionnarie’s diease
pontiac fever
What are the ideal specimens for legionella infections?
sputum, blood and urine
What media will legionella grown on and do colonies appear?
BCYE and as round convex colonies with opalescent appearance
What is the gram stain for legionella?
Faint staining, thin gram negative rod
Is biochemical testing useful for the detection of legionella?
No, EIA and latex agglutination are more useful. FA stain and DNA probe also used to ID
What is bartonella henselae cause?
Cat scratch fever
How are humans infected with bartonella?
Cat scratches, flea feces containing bacterium
What are the symptoms of cat scratch fever?
non-painful bump or blister at site of injury
Painful swollen lymph nodes
exhaustion, headache or fever
What is the gram stain of bartonella henselae?
Slightly curved gram negative rod
How is bartonella usually diagnosed?
Serologically with acute and convalescent sera two weeks apart, look for four fold dillution
What is Bartonella henselase’s oxidase reaciton?
Negative
What does the cultivation of leptospira interrogan require?
Fletcher or stuart’s media that contain rabbit or bovine serum albumin