Therapies

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach developed by Freud focusing on unconscious processes, using methods like free association and transference.

Methods of Psychoanalysis

Free association, interpretation of resistances, and transference.

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis

Hard to disprove, long and expensive, often considered anti-women.

Humanistic Therapy

Focuses on the present situation, conscious thoughts, and self-perception.

Person-Centered Therapy

A therapeutic approach where the client focuses on conscious self-perception, and the therapist provides genuineness, empathy, and acceptance.

Cognitive Therapy

Aims at changing negative patterns of thinking.

Rational-Emotive Therapy (ABC Model)

Addresses irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress, exemplified by the thought process: Fail test → Think perfect → Depression.

Behavioral Therapy Techniques

Includes systematic desensitization for phobias and aversive therapy.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Treatment for severe depression involving electrical stimulation of the brain.

ECT Procedure

Involves electrical stimulation of the brain at 90 volts, accompanied by sedatives and muscle relaxers.

Side Effects of ECT

Can include memory loss and resetting the hippocampus.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Studies, including Tysneck's 24 studies, show that about 2/3 of psychotherapy clients improve.

Controlled Outcome Research in Therapy

Random assignment of clients to therapy types shows high improvement rates in cognitive, interpersonal, and drug therapies.

Meta-Analysis in Therapy

Findings indicate the average therapy client improves more than 80% of untreated individuals.

Factors affecting Therapy Effectiveness

Therapy is most effective when the problem is clear-cut; no single type of therapy is best depending on the specific issue.

Phobias Treatment

Best treated with behavioral therapy.

Schizophrenia Treatment

Best treated with drug therapy.

A person experiences intense fear of flying, avoiding airplanes altogether.

Best treated with behavioral therapy.

An individual believes they must be perfect in all aspects of life and feels devastated by any failure.

Best treated with Rational-Emotive Therapy (ABC Model).

Someone faces severe mood swings and struggles to cope with daily life after a traumatic event.

Best treated with Cognitive Therapy.

A client wants to explore their feelings about self-worth and relationships in a supportive environment.

Best treated with Person-Centered Therapy.

An individual with schizophrenia exhibits hallucinations and delusions, requiring immediate support.

Best treated with drug therapy.