molecular genetics exams

(Blank) hydrolyze the ester bond in a phosphomonoester bond

Phosphatase

Tissue specific expression is measured using

Reporter genes

Classic (not next generation) sequencing was based on PCR and was developed by

Fred Sanger

This blotting technique was named after a person

Southern

RNA can fold on itself through complementary base pairing to form

Stem-loops

(Blank) sequences vary under positive selection but (blank) are conserved

Exons, introns

Different polypeptides can be produced from the same sequence DNA when mRNA is read in different reading frames

True

Genes that share common features that preceded their evolutionary divergence are

Homologous

Inactive but stable components of the genome dervied by mutation of an ancestral genes are

Pseudogenes

How are the reproductive cycles of retroviruses and retrotransposon is different

Retroviruses have an extracellular phase

Bacterial IS elements contain

Inverted terminal repeats

One major function of the 5’ cap of a eukaryotic mRNA is

To protect the mRNA from degradation

Pre-mRNA splicing does not involve which if the following structural features

5’ Cap

The first stage in the assembly of the spliceosome, the commitment complex, is also known as the

E complex

Which of the following statements about splicing is false

Splicing can influence local chromatin remodeling

SnoRNAs are required for

Processing and modification of rRNAs

The stem-loop structure at the 3’ end of bacterial mRNA functions primarily in

Termination of transcription

Enzymes (such as polymerase or nucleases) that stay engaged with their substrates for repeated cataysis are said to be

Processive

The set of mRNAs that share a particular mRNA-binding protien is called an

RNA regulon

The self-splicing of group I introns

Occurs in a series of transesterifications that require no hydrolysis for energy

Certain mobile group I introns encode

An endonuclease

RNase MRP

Is the eukaryotic equivalent of RNase P

“Hammerheads” are self-cleaving structures found in

Viroids

The process of protein splicing is catalyzed by

An intein

RNA generally functions as regulator by

Base-pairing with a single-stranded region

Which of the following is generally not a way that antisense RNA might inhibit gene expression

It might affect stability of the protien product

A large, evolutionary conserved complex which catalyzes 3’ to 5’ mRNA digestion is the

Exosome

The random change in frequency of a genetic variant in a population is called

Genetic drift

In a particular DNA sequence, nonsynonymous substitutions occurring at a lower rate than synonymous substitutions would be evidence for

Negative selection

(Blank) is the measure of an association between an allele at kne locus and an allele at different locus

Linkage disequilibrium

The observation that, when several nucleotide triplets encode the same amino acid, onw tends to be used in genes more frequently is called

Condon bias

The c-value paradox is that

There is not a strong correlation between genome size and morphological complexity

The following image (blank) chromosomes and (blank) chromatids

46, 92

Linkage violates Mendel's law of

Independent assortment

Heteroduplex DNA contains one strand from each

Homologous chromosome

Holliday junctions resolution relies partially on DNA repair because

Cells hate double stranded breaks in DNA

Synapsis begins when each chromosomes (sister chromatids pair) condenses around protienaceous structure called

The axial element

A pair of DNA duplexes that are connected together through reciprocal exhange of genetic material is/are

A joint molecule