Unit 9 study guide

Cell division (definition)

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, playing a crucial role in growth, development, and reproduction.

Cell division (importance)

 It is essential for growth by increasing the cell number, development by replacing damaged or old cells, and reproduction by producing offspring.

Mitosis Stages

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Mitosis (Events in Each Stage)

Chromosomes condense in prophase

align at the cell's center in metaphase

separate and move to opposite poles in anaphase

and two identical daughter cells form in telophase.

Mitosis (Significance)

Maintains the chromosome number and produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis (stages)

Meiosis I and meiosis II.

Meiosis (events in each stage)

Crossing over

pairing of homologous chromosomes

and reduction division.

Meiosis (significance)

Produces haploid gametes with half the chromosome number, introducing genetic variation through recombination.

Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis (purpose)

Mitosis maintains the chromosome number and repairs tissues, while meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis (number of divisions)

Mitosis has one division, meiosis has two divisions.

Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis (Chromosome Number of Daughter Cells)

Mitosis produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells.

Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis (Genetic variation)

Mitosis results in genetically identical cells, meiosis introduces genetic diversity.

Genetic diversity

Contributes to genetic diversity through the shuffling of genes during crossing over and random assortment.

Genetic disorders

Errors in mitosis and meiosis, such as nondisjunction, can lead to genetic disorders due to abnormal chromosome numbers.

Chromosome number

Calculate the chromosome number in cells undergoing mitosis or meiosis.

Genetic Recombination

Predict the outcomes of genetic recombination events in meiosis.

Inheritance Patterns

Understand how mitosis and meiosis contribute to inheritance patterns.

Differences in Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces non-identical gametes.