ALL EXAM 2 EXEMPLARS

What type of vaccine is influenza

inactivated or attenuated live

Route of administration of influenza

ID, IM, IN

The Influenza vaccine is recommended for

Everyone 6 months and older

Side effects of influenza

Fever, chills, headache, cough, malaise

contraindications of influenza

Infants <6 months old and those with egg allergies

What type of vaccine is pneumococcal

inactivated

Route of administration for pneumococcal

SQ, IM

The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for

All adults 65 and older and immunocompromised patients

Side effects of pneumococcal

Ear and sinus infections and pneumonia

What type of vaccine is hepatitis b

recombinant subunit

Route of administration for hepatitis b

IM

The hepatitis b vaccine is recommended for

Health care personnel and infants

Side effects of hepatitis b

Fever, headache, liver cirrhosis, and jaundice

What type of vaccine is tetanus

toxoid conjugate

Route of administration for tetanus

IM

The tetanus vaccine is recommended for

Children (5 doses) and a booster at 10

Side effects of tetanus

Neck and abdominal muscle stiffness and spasms

What type of vaccine is varicella

attenuated live

Route of administration for varicella

SQ

The varicella vaccine is recommended for

Children (in 2 doses)

Side effects for varicella

Fever and itchy blister-like lesions

Contraindications of varicella

Pregnancy and administration with other live vaccines

What type of vaccine is herpes zoster

attenuated live

The route of adminstration of herpes zoster

SQ

The herpes zoster vaccine is recommended for

All adults 50 and ollder

Side effects of herpes zoster

Dermatomal rash of blister-like lesions, postherpetic neuralgia

What type of vaccine is COVID-19

mRNA

Route of administration for COVID-19

IM

The COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for

Everyone 6 months and older

Side effects of COVID-19

Fever, headache, loss of taste or smell

The exemplar penicillin G is what class of drug

Penicillins

The exemplar amoxicillins is what class of drug

Penicillins

The exemplar naficillin is what class of drug

Penicillins

The exemplar cefazolin is what class of drug

Cephalosporins

The exemplar azithromycin is what class of drug

Macrolides

The exemplar doxycycline is what class of drug

Tetracyclines

The exemplar gentamicin is what class of drug

Aminoglycosides

The exemplar ciprofloxacin is what class of drug

Fluoroquinolones

The exemplar vancomycin is what class of drug

Glycopeptides

Penicillins G is a

Basic penicillin

Amoxicillin is a

broad spectrum penicillin

Naficillin is a

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

action of penicillin

inhibits cell wall synthesis

action of cephalosporins

inhibits cell wall synthesis

action of glycopeptides

inhibits cell wall synthesis

action of macrolides

inhibit protein synthesis

action of tetracyclines

inhibit protein synthesis

action of aminoglycosides

inhibit protein synthesis

action of fluoroquinolones

Inhibit DNA replication

Interactions of Penicillins

Increased bleeding with warfarin and decreased effectiveness of contraceptives

Interactions of Cephalosporins

Increased bleeding with warfarin, cross sensitivity with penicillin (allergies)

Interactions of Macrolides

Increased bleeding with warfarin

interactions of tetracyclines

Decreases effectiveness of contraceptives, milk products, antacids, (best taken on an empty stomach)

What is unique about the tetracyclines doxycycline

it is one of the only two tetracyclines that should be taken WITH food

interactions of aminoglycosides

Increased bleeding with warfarin

What is N/V/D

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

What is SJS

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Side effects and adverse reactions of penicillin

N/V/D, superinfection, allergic reactions

Side effects and adverse reactions of cephalosporin

N/V/D, potential cross sensitivity with penicillin

Side effects and adverse reactions of macrolides

N/V/D, superinfection, SJS

Side effects and adverse reactions of tetracycline

N/V/D, discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, decreases effectiveness of contraceptives

Side effects and adverse reactions of Fluoroquinolones

Tendinitis, N/V/D, dysguesia (distorted taste and flavor)

Side effects and adverse reactions of glycopeptides

N/V/D, ototoxicity, SJS, vancomycin flushing reactions (red man syndrome)

Side effects and adverse reactions of aminoglycosides

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, N/V/D, SJS

All antibacterial drugs have the same nursing implications which is to check and monitor

Liver functions, renal functions, and signs/symptoms for infection

What two antibacterial drugs should the nurse monitor peak and trough levels

Glycopeptides and aminoglycosides

Heparin is a

Anticoagulant (blood thinner)

Warfarin is a

Anticoagulant (blood thinner)

Enoxaparin is a

Anticoagulant (blood thinner)

Aspirin is a

Antiplatelet (less sticky platelets)

Alteplase is a

Thrombolytic (clot busting)

Action of Heparin

inactivates thrombin and clotting factors, inhibiting fibrin (clot) formation

Action of Enoxaparin

inactivates thrombin and clotting factors, inhibiting fibrin (clot) formation

Action of Warfarin

inhibits hepatic synthesis of vitamin K so the liver stops making the blood-clotting proteins

Action of Aspirin

inhibits COX enzyme

Action of Alteplase

breaks down fibrin in clot, clot buster

Use of Heparin

prevention of venous thrombus

Use of Enoxaparin

prevention of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) and acute PE (pulmonary embolism)

Use of Warfarin

thrombophlebitis (formation of blood clot in vein causes swelling and inflammation), PE, and Prophylaxis

Use of Aspirin

prevention of MI (heart attack) and strokes

Use of Alteplase

prevention of MI (heart attack) and strokes

What is the antidote for heparin and enoxaparin?

Protamine sulfate

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

Vitamin K

Contraindications of Heparin

hemophilia, peptic ulcer, severe renal/liver disease

Contraindications of Enoxaparin

stroke, peptic ulcers, and blood anomalies

Contraindications of Warfarin

hemophilia, peptic ulcer, AMI (acute myocardial infarction), and alcoholism

Side effects of Warfarin

bleeding, GI distress, ecchymosis (bruising)

Contraindications of Aspirin

some complementary/alternative therapies

Side effects of Aspirin

GI bleeding, ulcer, intracranial bleeding, epistaxis (nose bleed)

Contraindications of Alteplase

active bleeding in the brain, severe hypertension, and anticoagulant therapy

Side effects of Alteplase

epistaxis (nose bleed), hypotension, infection, ecchymosis (bruising)

Labs for Warfarin

PT or INR, aPTT

Labs for Heparin

PTT and aPTT

what lab test is PTT

partial thromboplastin time, how long it takes for a blood clot to form

what lab test is a INR

international normalized ratio, how long it takes for a blood clot to form

what lab test is aPTT

activated partial thromboplastin time, how long it takes to clot after a substance is added to active clotting process

lispro insulin is a

rapid-acting insulin

aspart insulin is a

rapid-acting insulin

regular insulin

short-acting insulin

isophane (NPH) insulin is a

intermediate-acting insulin