Atomic Structure and Symbolism

10^-10 m

The diameter of an atom is on the order of _______

10^-15 m

The diameter of the nucleus is roughly _______

100,000

The diameter of the nucleus is _______ times smaller

2×10^-23 g

Carbon atom weights less than _________

u

Symbol used for representing the unified atomic mass unit

e

Symbol used for representing the fundamental unit of charge

1.6605×10^-24 g

1 u = ? g

dalton (Da)

An alternative mass unit that is equivalent to the u.

1/12, carbon-12 isotope

The u is defined as exactly ____ of the mass of a single atom of the _________________

1.9926×10^-23 g

Mass of a carbon-12 isotope

1.602×10^-19 C

Value of e

0.00055

Mass of an electron in amu

0.00091×10^-24

Mass of an electron in grams

1.00727

Mass of a proton in amu

1.00866

Mass of a neutron in amu

1.67262×10*-24

Mass of a proton in grams

1.67493×10^-24

Mass of a neutron in grams

Mass defect

The “missing” mass from the sum of the atom’s subatomic particle’s mass which is not taken into the effect

Z

Symbol that represents Atomic number

A

Symbol that represents mass number

Ion

Electrically charged ion

Anion

An atom gains electrons, making it negatively charged

Cation

An atom loses electrons, making it positively charged atom

Iodine

An essential element needed to produce thyroid hormone

Goiter

An enlargement of the thyroid gland

53

Atomic number of iodine

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Full form of IUPAC

Seaborgium

Name of the element representatives as (Sg)

Unnilhexium (Unh)

The former name for (Sg)

Glenn Seaborg

The Nobel prize winner after whom the Sg element was named

106

No. of protons in Sg

Lise Meitner

Person who discovered Nuclear Fission, and after whom the element (Mt) is named

Meitnerium

Full name of the element (Mt)

109

No. of protons in Meitnerium

Protium

Name given to hydrogen with no neutrons and has 99.989% of natural abundance

Deuterium

Name given to hydrogen with 1 neutron and has 0.0115% of natural abundance

Tritium

Name given to hydrogen with 2 neutrons

Paleoclimatology

The study of earth’s past climates

Oxygen-18 and Oxygen-16

The two isotopes that scientists use the ratio of, in an ice core to determine the temperature of precipitation over time.

Oxygen-18

The oxygen isotope which was critical to the discovery of metabolic pathways and mechanisms of enzymes.

Mildred Cohn

Pioneered the usage of isotopes to act as tracers so that researchers could follow their path through reactions and gain a better understanding of what is happening

Phosphate group

A tiny chemical made up of phosphorus and oxygen

Phosphorylation

The process when a phosphate group is added to a molecule like a protein or sugar

Often turns on or off in the body, which helps us to understand how cells work, grow, or respond to signals

Mass spectrometer

Instrument used to experimentally determine the occurrence and natural abundances of isotopes

vaporized, high-energy electron beam

In a typical mass spectrometer, the sample is _________ and exposed to _________________________

electrically charged, losing

In a mass spectrometer, we have to cause the sample atoms to become ____________________, typically by ______ one or more electrons

electric, magnetic field, deflects, path, mass, charge

The cations in the mass spectrometer, pass through an ________ or ______________ that ________ each cation’s ____ to an extent that depends on both its ____ and ______

Mass spectrum

The method where the plotting for the graph of the relative numbers of ions versus that their mass-to-charge ratios is made

Detector

(1)

Magnetic field that deflects the lightest ions the most

(2)

Accelerated ions

(3)

Electron beam source

(4)

Place to enter the sample

(5)

Heater to vaporize the samples

(6)

Magnet

(7)