Social Studies 9.4

By 1872, many people had lost faith in President Grant and his policies. Why was this the case?

Grant’s administration was plagued by corruption; he appointed friends and family to important positions and they took advantage of the opportunity and stole money (graft)

What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do and how did southern voters respond?

it reinstated (gave) former confederates the right to vote and the South voted in former confederates

Explain how Rutherford Hayes became President in 1876. How did his election end Reconstruction?

In a contested election, democrats agreed to give Hayes the needed electoral votes if he agreed to end Reconstruction- this was the Compromise of 1877; Hayes won the popular vote but was one vote shy for the electoral college vote.

what was the lasting impact on the South following the end of reconstruction?

republicans lost power, the South voted exclusively democratic for the next 100 years

Explain how poll taxes and literacy tests were used to prevent Black Americans from voting.

poll taxes required poor freedmen to pay money/taxes to vote, literacy tests required them to take a difficult test about the constitution- which they often failed because they were slaves who were not allowed to learn about the constitution

what were grandfather clauses and why were they necessary?

they allowed white voters to vote if their grandfathers were eligible to vote on January 1, 1867, white people also didn’t have to pay taxes or take literacy tests because their grandfathers could vote. This was unfair because the black Americans’ grandfathers couldn’t vote because their grandfathers were slaves.

What were Jim Crow Laws? Give examples of places where they applied.

Jim Crow Laws were laws that separated/segregated people of different races in public places. The Jim Crow laws legalized segregation in public facilities such as schools, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, parks, bathroom, malls

How did the Supreme Court rule in the landmark case of Plessy vs. Ferguson

supreme court ruling that said segregation was legal in public facilities as long as the facilities were equal- rarely were they ever equal

What opportunities existed for black Americans who lest the South and moved north or west?

many went to work in northern factories and small business (they either owned or worked there)- Madam CJ Walker. Some black men moved west and became cow boys or cow hands and some joined the military- buffalo soldiers

List four industries that developed in the South because of their proximity to natural resources

cotton led to the textile industry(fabric), timber and lumber led to the paper (mill) industry, oil led to the patrolium industry, iron and coal led to the steel industry