Properties of Acids and Bases Flashcards

Flashcards about Acids and Bases

What is a binary acid?

Contains only two elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.

What is an oxyacid?

An acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal.

What are the 5 properties of acids?

Sour taste, change color of acid-base indicators, react with active metals and release hydrogen gas, react with bases to form salts and water, conduct electric current.

What makes acids strong electrolytes?

Acids separate completely into ions in water.

What prefix do binary acid names start with?

Hydro-

What suffix do binary acid names end with?

-ic

What is the most commonly produced industrial chemical?

Sulfuric acid.

What is sulfuric acid used for?

Petroleum refining, metallurgy, manufacture of fertilizer.

Why is sulfuric acid an effective dehydrating agent?

It attracts water.

What are the properties of pure nitric acid?

It is volatile and unstable.

What is nitric acid used for?

In making explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

What effect does nitric acid have on proteins?

It stains proteins yellow.

What is phosphoric acid used for?

Manufacturing fertilizers and animal feed; flavoring and cleaning agents; manufacturing detergents and ceramics.

What is hydrochloric acid used for?

Pickling iron and steel; cleaning agent in industry, in food processing, in activation of oil wells, in recovering of Mg from seawater, and in production of other chemicals.

What is concentrated HCl known as?

Muriatic acid.

What are the properties of pure acetic acid (glacial acetic acid)?

A clear, colorless, and pungent-smelling liquid with a freezing point at 17 degrees Celsius.

What product contains acetic acid?

Vinegar.

What percentage of acetic acid does white vinegar contain?

4-8%.

What is an Arrhenius acid?

A chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solution.

What is an Arrhenius base?

Increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH- in aqueous solution.

What are the properties of bases?

Bitter taste, change acid-base indicators blue, dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery, bases react with acids to produce water and salts, bases conduct electricity.

What does it mean for a base to be Causatic?

attack skin and tissues

What strong base turns pH paper blue?

Sodium Hydroxide

What are aqueous acids?

Water solutions of Arrhenius acids.

Why do H2O molecules attract 1 or more H+ from acid molecules?

Because acid molecules are sufficiently polar, leaving behind negatively charged ions in the solution.

What does acid strength depend on?

How many of those actually ionize completely

What does a strong acid equal?

Strong Electrolyte

What are examples of strong acids?

Perchloric acid (HClO4). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3)

What does a weak acid equal?

Weak Electrolyte

What is an example of a weak acid?

Hydrocyanic acid HCN

What do organic acids include?

Carboxyl group

What kind of acids are organic acids?

They are generally weak acids

What is an acidic hydrogen?

The 1 hydrogen/4 in CH3COOH that can ionize in H2O to create hydronium

What are most bases?

Ionic compounds that contain metal cations and the hydroxide anion, OH-

What is a strong basic solution?

A base completely dissociates to yield aqueous OH- ions.

Why is NaOH a common laboratory base?

Water-solubility and complete dissociation

What is ammonia, NH3?

A household cleaner that is a molecular base.

What kind of solutions can all group 1 elements form?

Alkaline solutions (solutions with a pH over 7)

What are nearly all elements in period D?

Nearly insoluble in water and don’t produce a large amount of hydroxide ions when added in water, preventing them from producing strongly alkaline (basic) solutions

What is alkalinity of solutions based on?

Based on how many hydroxide ions are dissolved in the solution, not the total amount of hydroxide ions in the formula

What does Base strength depend on?

How much the base dissociates or adds OH- to solution

What are strong bases also?

Strong electrolytes & dissociate fully into OH- and another element in dilute aqueous solutions

What are weak bases?

Weak electrolytes and don’t dissociate fully in water

What element do many weak bases contain?

Many organic compounds that contain Nitrogen, like NH3

What is the OH- concentration of weak bases?

low

What is the solubility in H2O of ammonia?

High

What is the electrolyte strength of ammonia?

weak

What is the solubility of Cu(OH)2 in H2O?

Low

What is the electrolyte strength of Cu(OH)2?

Strong

What is the base/acid strength of ammonia in water?

Low