RESCAP WEEK 1 AND 2

Research follows a ??? of investigation that uses a ??? in answering questions or ???

step-by-step process

a standardized approach

solving problem

Research plays an important role in tertiary education. Though there are many problems confronted by higher education, ??? After all, its ???

developments are realized through research.

main purpose is to answer a question or to solve an issue

Research is a continuous undertaking of ???

making known the unknown

Research is a very ??? of something that purports the contribution of ???

careful investigation

additional or new knowledge and wisdom

Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing ??? and steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means

validated instruments

7 RESEARCH PROCESS

1. IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM

2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM WITH SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

3. REVIEW PROCESS

4. RESEARCH DESIGN, RESEARCH APPROACH, AND RESEARCH TOOL

5. DATA COLLECTION, TREATMENT/PROCESSING, AND ANALYSIS

6. DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

7. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

“the traditional positivist scientific method which refers to a general set of orderly, disciplined procedures to acquire information. This method aims to characterize trends and patterns and usually starts with neither a theory nor hypothesis. The method used in the analysis of data is statistical in nature with large sample sizes that are representatives of the population. The methods include census, survey, experiments and secondary analysis and are gathered with the used of structured research instruments such as questionnaire or schedules.

Quantitative Research

the “Naturalistic Method of Inquiry of research which deals with the issue of human complexity by exploring it directly”. This method of research involves processes, feelings, and motives, in-depth and holistic data which is concerned with generating hypothesis from data rather than testing a hypothesis. The method used in the analysis of data is through interview and participative observation with small sample sizes chosen purposely. The methods include field research, case study, and secondary analysis and are gathered with the used of either unstructured or semi-structured instruments.

Qualitative Research

Characteristic of Qualitative Research (10)

• Systematic • Experiences • Human Behavior • Flexible • Transparent • Context-specific • Open-minded • Naturalistic Setting • Purposive • Small samples

Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research (5)

• Participants • Contact Time • Data Gathering • Flexibility • Ethics

This study involves the collection and analysis of data about cultural groups or minorities. The researcher immerses with the people who are the Key Informants and becomes part of their culture.

Ethnographic

The main sources of data for this type of research are the life accounts of individuals based on their personal experiences. The life accounts may be analyzed psychologically, biographically, or through discourse.

Narrative

This kind of research is being used when a researcher wants to describe an event, activity, or phenomenon. It uses a combination of methods such as interview, reading documents, watching videos or visiting places and events to describe the meaning of the human experiences (lived experiences) provided by the subjects or participants.

Phenomenological

This is used when a researcher is interested in identifying how individuals give meaning to a situation or problem.

Basic Interpretative Qualitative Study

It is an in-depth examination of an individual, groups of people, or an institution. It provides information on where to draw conclusions about the impact of a significant event in one’s life.

Case Study

promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility. It also fosters values that are essential to collaborative work. Research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among people in different fields or disciplines. The important values include trust, accountability, mutual respect and fairness. People are more likely to fund research studies that promote a variety of important moral and social values such as social responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, and health safety.

Ethics in Research

Any person should not be coerced to participate in any research undertaking.

Voluntary Participation

Prospective research participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research.

Informed Consent

Participants should be protected from physical, financial, or psychological harm. The principle of non-maleficence states that it is the researcher’s duty to avoid, prevent, or minimize harm to the participants of the study.

Risk of Harm

Participants must be assured that their identity and other personal information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study.

Confidentiality

The participants must remain anonymous throughout the study even to the researchers themselves.

Anonymity