Unit 3 exam

Name the vitamins and minerals that are antioxidants

Vitamins A, C, E, and selenium

Which of the following is soluble in water?

- biotin

- omega 3 fatty acids

- vitamin A

- vitamin K

Biotin

Vitamin c requirements are highest for which groups of people?

Smokers

The body can convert cholesterol to?

Vitamin D3

Pellagra is caused by a lack of

Niacin

Spins bífida is caused by a lack of

Folate (vitamin B9)

Kesha's disease is associated with what deficiency

Selenium

Rickets disease develops due to

Vitamin D3 deficiency

Deficiency in cobalamin (B12) typically occurs when hydrochloric acid or intrinsic factor are lacking.

True or false

True

What vitamins or minerals are likely to be deficient due to MTHFR gene variants?

Folate (B9)

Cobalamin (B12)

What diet best supports infibulas with MTHFR gene variants?

Whole Foods, unprocessed, mostly plants or all plants

According to the dietary sodium article how much sodium should Americans be consuming per day

2,300

According to the dietary sodium article how much sodium are Americans actually consuming per day?

3,400

Retinoids for vitamin A are found in

Animals foods

Carotenoids for vitamin A are inactive forms found in

Plant foods

Retinoic acid in vitamin A

Regulates growth

Retinal for vitamin A is an

Active form in vision

beta-carotene in vitamin A are

Antioxidant that is also a provitamin A carotenoid

Retinol for vitamin A

Supports reproduction

Why does the lack of folate cause mxacrocyctic anemia?

It is required for adequate red blood cell division

Deficiency of what mineral may cause goiter

Iodine

What deficiency causes beriberi

Thiamin

What vitamin or minerals is part of enamel

Fluoride

What vitamin or mineral is found in both teeth and bones?

Calcium

Selenium is an antioxidant that works closely with glutathione peroxidase enzyme, and vitamin E

True or false

True

Which vitamins and minerals are primarily responsible for bone density and development

- vitamin K2

- Calcium

- Vitamin D3

- Magnesium

- Phosphate

What are all the ways that vitamin K2 is important and it's key roles in promoting health in the body?

- promotes bone density through the absorption of calcium and vitamin D3

-Promotes proper mouth and jaw development

- Prevents high blood glucose levels

- Promotes, healthy veins

- Promotes healthy joints and bones

- Prevent osteoporosis

- Prevents dental caries in crowding of teeth

- Prevent diabetes

- Prevents arthritis

- Lowers the risk of CVD

-Lowers the risk of cancer

What vitamins must be synthesized by our body to have Bioavailable Form?

-folate (B9)

-Vitamin K1

-Vitamin D

-Cobalamin(B12)

Name foods that are great sources of antioxidants

Butternut squash, oranges, spinach, bell peppers, red cabbage, apples, carrots

Name, poor food sources that provide little to no antioxidants

Candy bar, cheese, milk, yogurt, chicken soup, pork, beef

What is a component of hemoglobin

Iron

Pernicious describes the blood cells of severe iron deficiency

True

What gene variant is linked to vitamin D3 deficiency's and thus osteoporosis

VDR

Based on the assignment causes of hypothyroidism, what micro nutrients are critical for a healthy thyroid

Iodine, selenium, zinc

What two micro nutrients should be avoided for a healthy thyroid

Chlorine and fluoride

Describe a person that has a higher risk to develop osteoporosis

64-year-old Caucasian, female smoker

How does goiter different from cretinism

Cretinism is a congenital disease

What mineral enhances insulin activity in improves glucose tolerance

Chromium

Iron absorption is impaired by phytates

True or false

True

Make sure to avoid dairy, coffee and tea when eating iron rich foods to ensure proper absorption of iron

True or false

True

What vitamin has the potential to prevent infections and/or severity of symptoms for influenza and COVID-19

Vitamin D3

Based on the assignment, micro nutrients in mental health, how could our current medical model be improved for the treatment of mental illness?

Treat with micro nutrient supplements, and eat an unprocessed diet

Based on the assignment, micro nutrients in mental health, what diets are best for preventing depression and mental illness

The prudent diet, pescatarian diet, whole food diet with fish, Mediterranean diet

Faced on the assignment, COVID-19 mortality, risk, correlates, inversely with vitamin D3 status what blood levels of vitamin D3 are recommended to prevent COVID-19 infections

50

Based on the assignment does milk build strong bones the one benefit was the average increase in height by how much

1 cm

Is water, a universal solvent

True or false

True

Based on the assignment, spinach versus chocolate Popeye eat spinach for the iron so he could build strong arms

True or false

False

Based on the assignment, spinach, versus chocolate steak, provided the most available iron among the foods presented in the video

True or false

False

Name foods that are good resources of beta carotene

Mango, red pepper, spinach, carrots, sweet potato, oranges

Which of the following is a function of electrolytes?

Emulsifier

Hormone

Digestive enzyme

Acid base balance

Acid-base balance

What are the three major minerals that influence the bodies fluid balance?

Sodium, potassium, chloride

What is the purpose of creating a concentration gradient?

It allows substances to move across the semi permeable membrane

What would happen to a red blood cell if it were placed in a hypertonic saline solution?

It would shrink

Angiotensin II

Involved in blood pressure regulation, and vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure

Angiotensin |

Inactive precursor, that is converted by an enzyme to make active angiotensin ||

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Produced in petitionary gland in response to dehydration when blood volume is too low

Aldosterone

Secreted by the adrenal gland to regulate blood pressure by increasing reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, regulates chloride and potassium concentrations

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Natriuretic, peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac atria to regulate blood pressure through their activity in the kidney to promote excretion of water and sodium

Angiotensinogen

Precursor proteins that is hydrolyzed by renin to make angiotensin |

Renin

Enzyme from kidneys that hydrolyzes angiotensinogen | when low blood sugar occurs

The primary cation inside the cell that plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance, is potassium

True or false

True

A lack of intrinsic factor may lead to pernicious anemia

True or false

True

The principal cation in the extra cellular fluid (ECF) is chloride

True or false

True

The major anion outside of the cells that is associated closely with sodium is chloride

True or false

True

Hypertonic coronation definition

Process that occurs when a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of salutes, then the cell itself causing water to leave the cell by diffusion resulting in the cell shrinking

Hypervolemia definition

Too much liquid volume leading to a Demia or swelling of the feet ankles wrists in face and raising blood pressure

Hyponatremia definition

Too much water leading to reduce sodium concentration in the cell, cell rupture, and swelling

Hypovolemia definition

Abnormally low extra cellular fluid in the body due to loss of salt and water, or decrease in blood volume

Dehydration, definition

Water loss, hypernatremic