Types of Species Interactions

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12 Terms

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Obligate mutualism

An interaction where two species are entirely dependent on each other for survival and reproduction.

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Facultative mutualism

An interaction where the species benefit from each other but can survive and reproduce independently.

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Trophic mutualism

  • A mutualism involving the transfer of energy or nutrients between species.

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Service mutualism

A mutualism where one species performs an ecological service for another (e.g., pollination, dispersal, defense).

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Habitat mutualism

A mutualism where one species provides habitat for another.

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Dominant species

A species that is highly abundant and has a large biomass in an ecosystem, often influencing community structure due to its sheer numbers

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Keystone species

A species that has a disproportionately large impact on its environment relative to its abundance. Its removal can lead to significant changes in community structure and function.

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Direct interactions

Interactions that occur when two species interact directly with each other (e.g., predation, competition, mutualism)

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Indirect interactions

  • Interactions that occur when the interaction between two species is mediated by a third species (e.g., a predator affecting a competitor of its prey).

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Top-down control

Occurs when the structure and dynamics of an ecosystem are primarily determined by the effects of predators at the top trophic levels

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Bottom-up control

  • Occurs when the structure and dynamics of an ecosystem are primarily determined by the availability of resources at the base of the food web (e.g., nutrients, primary producers).

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Impact of top predator removal

. In top-down controlled systems, removal can cause trophic cascades, increasing prey populations and impacting lower trophic levels