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Sociology is like looking at how people live together, work together, and play together.
This means feeling what someone else feels, like when your friend is sad and you feel sad too.
It's like using your imagination to understand how your own life is connected to the world around you.
These are things everyone in a group follows, like rules at school or the way families celebrate holidays.
These are like the rules for playing a game fairly, but for people who study how others live and act.
This is like thinking about how all the parts of a toy work together to make it fun to play with.
Data
Data is like the information you gather when you count your toys or write down your favorite colors.
Sociological Theory
These are ideas that help us understand why people do what they do, like thinking about why we share toys.
This is like when kids fight over a toy, and it helps us understand why there are arguments and how to share better.
These are the questions we ask to learn more about how people live and play together, like asking why everyone loves ice cream.
These are things people do over and over, like bedtime routines or playing certain games at recess
This is like when a smile means you're happy or a frown means you're sad. It's about what things mean to us.
This is like drawing pictures or telling stories to show how you feel or what you think about something.
This is like seeing things from different places, like looking out from a treehouse or from the ground.
This idea says that people understand things differently based on where they are and what they've experienced, like how tall kids and short kids see things differently.
Quantitative Research Methods
This is like counting how many apples you have or measuring how tall you are.
Public Sociology
This is about sharing what we learn with everyone, like telling your friends about a new game you learned.
This is like looking closely at the world to see how things really work, like watching ants to see where they go.
This is when you take a big idea and figure out how to measure it, like deciding to count how many times a friend smiles to see if they're happy.
These are the books and papers that people write to share what they learn, like storybooks but for grown-ups who study things.
These are the questions we ask to find out more about the world, like "Why is the sky blue?"
Human Subjects Research
This is when we study people to learn about how they live, think, or feel, like asking friends about their favorite games.
These are the rules that help us study things in a fair and kind way, like playing nicely and sharing with others.
Data is the information we collect to understand something better, like counting how many toys you have.
This is when two things happen together, like when it rains and you see more puddles.
This is when other people check your work to make sure it's good, like when a teacher looks at your drawing and says "Good job!"
Sociological Theory
These are big ideas that help us understand why people do what they do, like guessing why everyone likes ice cream.
Causation
This is when one thing makes another thing happen, like when you push a ball and it rolls.
This is when you ask someone if it's okay to study them and they say yes, like asking a friend if you can play with their toy.
These are the ways we study how people live and act, like watching how friends play or asking them questions.
This is when it looks like two things are related, but they really aren't, like thinking wearing a red shirt makes you run faster
This means keeping someone's information secret and safe, like not telling anyone your friend's secret.
These are ways to study things with words and pictures, like telling a story or drawing a picture about your day.
This means what we learn from one group can help us understand other groups too, like if all kids love ice cream, maybe all kids in another place do too.
These are groups of people who need extra care and protection, like little kids or older people.
Quantitative Research Methods
These are ways to study things with numbers, like counting how many apples are in a basket.
These are the books and papers that people write to share what they learn, like storybooks but for grown-ups who study things.
Institutional Review Board
This is a group of people who make sure studies are done safely and fairly, like a group of teachers making sure everyone plays nicely.
This is when one thing goes up and another thing goes down, like when more rain means fewer kids at the playground.
Positive Correlation
This is when two things go up or down together, like when more sunshine means more kids playing outside.
Research Ethics
These are the rules that help us study things in a fair and kind way, like playing nicely and sharing with others.
The "I" and the "Me"
The "I" is like the part of you that makes choices and does things, like deciding to play with a toy. The "Me" is like the part of you that thinks about what other people might think of you, like wondering if your friend likes your toy.
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
This is when you believe something will happen, and then it happens because you believed it, like thinking you'll win a race and then running really fast because you believe you can win.
Theory of Mind
This is understanding that other people have thoughts and feelings different from yours, like knowing your friend might feel sad even if you feel happy.
Laboratory Experiment
This is like doing a special test in a room where everything is controlled, like a science experiment where you mix different colors to see what happens.
Mirror Neurons
These are special brain cells that help you feel what someone else is feeling, like when you see someone smile and it makes you feel happy too.
Variable
This is something that can change, like the color of your clothes or the number of toys you have.
Looking Glass Self
This is like seeing yourself through other people's eyes, like thinking you are funny because your friends laugh at your jokes.
Experimental Group
This is the group in an experiment that gets the special treatment, like trying a new kind of candy to see if it tastes good.
In-depth Interviews
These are long talks where someone asks a lot of questions to learn about another person, like having a big chat with your grandparent to hear about their life.
Control Group
This is the group in an experiment that doesn't get the special treatment, like eating regular candy while the experimental group tries the new candy.
Coding
This is putting information into categories to understand it better, like sorting your toys into different boxes.
This is saying that one thing makes another thing happen, like saying eating vegetables makes you strong.
Beliefs
Beliefs are ideas that people think are true, like believing in Santa Claus or that eating vegetables is good for you.
These are ways to study how our bodies and our social lives work together, like seeing how playing with friends makes you feel happy and healthy.
This is understanding that different people have different ways of living and that all ways are okay, like how some people eat with chopsticks and others use forks.
This means knowing and respecting other people's ways of living, like understanding and celebrating different holidays with your friends.
This means learning to act in certain ways because of the culture you live in, like saying "please" and "thank you" because it's polite.
Culture is the way a group of people live, including their traditions, music, food, and language, like the games you play and the songs you sing at home.
These are things that have special meaning in a culture, like a wedding ring or a national flag.
These are the ways people in a culture think and understand the world, like knowing that a thumbs-up means "good job."
These are the regular activities and behaviors people do in a culture, like celebrating birthdays or having family dinners.
These are ways that our bodies can show our culture, like wearing traditional clothes or dancing in a special way.
This is feeling surprised or confused when you see a way of living that is very different from your own, like moving to a new country and finding out they eat different foods.
This idea says that people use their culture to explain why they do things, like saying you wear certain clothes because it's a tradition in your culture.
This idea says that culture shapes what people think is important or valuable, like believing that family is very important because your culture values it.
These are the skills and abilities you learn from your culture, like knowing how to cook traditional meals.
These are the ways that culture can influence how our bodies look or are taken care of, like certain beauty standards or ways of exercising.
This idea says that we learn from both our genes and our culture, like being born with the ability to learn a language and then learning the specific language of your family.
This means having and showing certain qualities or traits in your body, like being graceful because you practice ballet.
This is thinking your own culture is the best and others are not as good, like thinking only your way of eating is right and others are wrong.
This means people like to be friends with others who are like them, like playing with kids who enjoy the same games as you do.
This is learning how to behave by interacting with others, like learning to share because your parents and friends share with you.
These are ways to share information with a lot of people, like TV, newspapers, and the internet.
This is learning about the world and how to behave from media, like watching cartoons that teach good manners.
Norms
Norms are the usual ways people behave in a group, like lining up to go inside the classroom.
This is when you learn how to behave by yourself, like figuring out how to tie your shoes by practicing.
This is an idea that people agree on and accept, like money having value because everyone agrees it does.
This is the process of people creating and agreeing on social constructs, like how people decide together what behaviors are polite.
This is learning how to behave by watching others, like learning to say "thank you" because you see your parents do it.
These are online platforms where people share information and connect, like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok.
This is studying how people are connected to each other, like making a map of all your friends and how they know each other.
These are the important symbols and meanings in a culture, like a country's flag or a religious symbol.
This is a rule used by some people to determine membership in a Native American tribe based on the amount of Native American ancestry one has. It's akin to suggesting that a certain quantity of Native American blood is necessary for inclusion in the group.
This refers to someone whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth. For example, a person designated female at birth who identifies and lives as a woman.
This involves using computers and computational methods to study how people interact and behave in social settings. It can include analyzing social networks, behaviors online, or patterns in large datasets to understand social dynamics.
This refers to the practice of purchasing goods or services primarily to display wealth or status, often with the intention of gaining social recognition or admiration. For instance, buying a flashy new item to impress others.
This encompasses the act of using or purchasing goods and services. It broadly refers to the utilization of resources to satisfy human needs and desires, such as consuming food, clothing, and entertainment.
This is a research method that involves systematically analyzing the content of various forms of communication, such as books, movies, or social media posts, to understand their meanings, themes, and impacts on individuals and society.
These are stereotypes or pervasive ideas used to shape and control public perceptions about specific groups. For example, portraying certain ethnic groups always in a positive or negative light to influence public opinion.
This is a characteristic or feature that sets a person or group apart from others. It can include visible markers like clothing or behavior that signal membership in a particular social group or status.
This refers to the ways individuals actively demonstrate and express their identities through actions, choices, and self-presentation. For example, dressing in a particular style to reflect personal values or affiliations.
This refers to a shared cultural heritage, including language, customs, traditions, and often a common ancestry. It distinguishes groups of people who identify with each other based on these factors.
This is the belief that there are only two distinct and opposite genders: male and female. It excludes nonbinary and gender non-conforming identities that fall outside this traditional classification.
This refers to the socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities that a society considers appropriate for men and women. It encompasses both personal identity and societal expectations.
This is the tendency for individuals to favor and show preference towards members of their own social group over those who are perceived as outsiders or members of different groups.
This is the idea that various aspects of social identity, such as race, gender, class, and sexuality, intersect and overlap to shape individual experiences, opportunities, and social outcomes.
This refers to individuals born with variations in sex characteristics that do not fit typical definitions of male or female. It challenges traditional binary concepts of sex and gender.
This is an experimental method used to study intergroup behavior, showing that even minimal and arbitrary group distinctions (e.g., based on a trivial characteristic) can lead to ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination.
This refers to individuals who do not exclusively identify as male or female, or who identify as both, neither, or another gender altogether. Nonbinary identities exist outside the traditional binary classification of gender.
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