TRANSCULTURAL NURSING (copy)

Decent Work Employment Principles

Ethical principles and guidelines related to fair and decent employment in the field of nursing.

Transcultural Nursing Practices

Field of nursing that emphasizes understanding and addressing the healthcare needs of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Challenges and Opportunities for Nurses

Unique challenges and opportunities that nurses encounter in diverse cultural settings.

Ethics, Cultural Competence, and Social Justice

The role of ethics in nursing, cultural competence in providing culturally sensitive care, and the importance of equitable healthcare access and fair treatment for all patients.

Ethical Nursing Care

Adhering to ethical principles in providing safe, compassionate, and competent care to patients.

Patient Confidentiality

Protecting the privacy of patient information, including medical records and personal details.

Culture-specific

Values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that are unique to a particular group and not shared with other cultures.

Culture-universal

Commonly shared values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held among cultures.

Anthropology

Academic discipline concerned with the scientific study of humans, past and present, and the application of knowledge to human problems.

Culture

Learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group of people that guide thinking, decisions, and actions.

Non-ethnic Culture

Socioeconomic status, ability or disability, sexual orientation, age, and occupational or professional cultures.

Madeleine M

Founder of transcultural nursing, prolific writer, devoted educator, widely-traveled, and studied more than a dozen cultures worldwide.

History of TCN

Madeleine M. Leininger's recognition of cultural differences between patients and nurses, leading to the study of clinical differences in perception of care.

Factors that Influence Establishing TCN

Increase in migration, rise in multicultural identities, and the expectation of cultural beliefs, values, and ways.

Cultural competence

The ability to understand, appreciate, and respect the beliefs, values, and practices of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Transcultural interprofessional health care team

A team that includes the client, their family, credentialed health professionals, folk healers, and religious or spiritual healers, working together to provide culturally congruent care.

Verbal communication

Communication using spoken words.

Nonverbal communication

Communication through gestures, facial expressions, and body language.

Language

The system of communication used by a particular group of people, consisting of words, grammar, and syntax.

Interpreters

Individuals who facilitate communication between individuals who speak different languages.

Greetings

Formal or customary expressions used to acknowledge and welcome others.

Silence

The absence of speech or noise, which can have different cultural interpretations.

Eye contact and facial expressions

Nonverbal cues that convey emotions, intentions, and attitudes.

Gestures

Movements of the hands, arms, or body that convey meaning.

Posture

The position and alignment of the body, which can reflect emotions and attitudes.

Culturally competent care

Care that is respectful, responsive, and tailored to the cultural beliefs and practices of the individual receiving care.

Cultural baggage

The influence of one's own culture on their assumptions, thoughts, words, and behavior.

Individual cultural competence

The knowledge, skills, and attitudes of an individual that enable them to provide culturally competent care.

Organizational cultural competence

The policies, practices, and structures within an organization that support and promote culturally competent care.

Knowledge of cultures

Understanding the beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of different cultural groups.

Education and training in culturally competent care

Formal education and ongoing training to develop the skills and knowledge needed to provide culturally competent care.

Critical reflection

The process of examining one's own biases, assumptions, and cultural perspectives to enhance cultural competence.

Cross-cultural communication

Communication between individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Culturally competent practice

Applying cultural knowledge and skills to provide care that is respectful, responsive, and effective for individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Cultural competence

The ability to effectively interact and provide care to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Patient advocacy and empowerment

Supporting and advocating for the rights and needs of patients, while empowering them to make informed decisions about their healthcare.

Multicultural workforce

A workforce that is diverse and includes individuals from various cultural backgrounds.

Cross-cultural leadership

Leadership that is effective in managing and leading individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Evidence-based practice and research

The use of current research and evidence to inform and guide healthcare practices and decision-making.

Cultural self-assessment

A process in which nurses reflect on their own cultural attitudes, values, beliefs, and practices to gain insight and awareness of how their background has shaped them.

Cultural assessment

A systematic examination of individuals, families, groups, and communities to gather information about their health-related cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

Subjective data

Information that individuals provide about themselves, such as their symptoms, feelings, and experiences.

Objective data

Data collected through physical examinations and laboratory tests to form a diagnosis of a person's health status.

Cross-cultural communication

Effective communication between individuals from different cultural backgrounds, taking into account factors such as values, perceptions, attitudes, and social structures.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

A procedure carried out on early embryos prior to implantation to screen for genetic abnormalities.

Fetal DNA analysis

A test done on maternal circulation at 6 to 8 weeks' gestation to analyze the DNA of the fetus.

Review of medications and allergies

The process of gathering information about the client's current medications, including prescription, over-the-counter, and home remedies, as well as any allergies to medicines and foods.

Herbal remedies

Natural substances derived from plants that are used for medicinal purposes.

Aloe vera

A plant whose leaf is used topically as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal agent, and orally as a laxative.

Dong-quai

A dried root used as a smooth muscle relaxant and antispasmodic, commonly used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine.

Echinacea

A member of the daisy family used to enhance the immune system and treat colds, flu, and other illnesses.

Evening primrose oil

Oil extracted from the seeds of the evening primrose plant, believed to have various health benefits including reducing inflammation and treating conditions like eczema and diabetes.

Ginger

A natural remedy used to treat nausea, particularly post-surgery nausea and motion sickness.

Ginkgo

An extract from the leaves of the ginkgo tree, used to improve blood circulation and memory, and treat conditions like asthma, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction.

Available

Refers to the different forms in which a substance or medication can be found, such as tablets, capsules, teas, or skin products.

Side effects

Unintended and often undesirable effects that can occur when taking a medication or supplement.

Contraindicated

Refers to a situation where a medication or treatment should not be used due to potential risks or adverse effects.

Clotting disorders

Medical conditions that affect the body's ability to form blood clots, which can lead to excessive bleeding or clotting.

Tonic

A substance that is believed to have a strengthening or invigorating effect on the body.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, resulting in fatigue and weakness.

Atherosclerosis

A condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and an increased risk of heart disease.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high.

Influenza

A viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, and body aches.

Diabetes

A chronic condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, leading to high blood sugar.

Cancer

A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body.

HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, a viral infection that attacks the immune system.

Immunostimulant

A substance that enhances the immune system's response to infections or diseases.

Memory

The ability to retain and recall information or experiences.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein, often accompanied by pain, swelling, and redness.

Varicose veins

Enlarged and twisted veins, usually in the legs, that can cause pain and discomfort.

Scleroderma

A chronic autoimmune disease that causes hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

Antidepressant

A medication used to treat depression and other mood disorders.

Photosensitivity

Increased sensitivity to sunlight or artificial light, resulting in skin reactions or sunburn.

Tranquilizer

A medication that has a calming or sedative effect on the body and mind.

Anticoagulants

Medications that prevent blood clotting.

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A type of anticoagulant medication.

Anticonvulsants

Medications used to treat seizures.

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

An anticonvulsant medication that can cause higher toxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Antihypertensives

Medications used to treat high blood pressure.

Calcium antagonists

A type of antihypertensive medication that works by blocking the effects of calcium on the heart and blood vessels.

Diuretics

Medications that increase urine production and help lower blood pressure.

Fat-soluble drugs

Medications that dissolve in fat and are stored in the body's fatty tissues.

Immunosuppressants

Medications that suppress the immune system.

Tacrolimus (Prograf, Advagraf, Protopic)

An immunosuppressant medication.

Muscle relaxants

Medications that relax muscles and reduce muscle spasms.

Succinylcholine

A muscle relaxant medication used during surgery.

Mydriatics

Medications that dilate the pupils.

Neuroleptics

Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders.

Oxidizing drugs

Medications that cause oxidation reactions in the body.

G6PD deficiency

A genetic condition that affects the red blood cells' ability to break down certain substances.

Psychotropics

Medications used to treat mental health conditions.

Lithium

A psychotropic medication used to treat bipolar disorder.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A type of antidepressant medication.

Steroids

Medications that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.

Tranquilizers

Medications that reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

Valium (diazepam)

A tranquilizer medication.

Symptoms

Phenomena experienced by individuals that signify a departure from normal function, sensation, or appearance.

Signs

Objective abnormalities that can be detected on physical examination or through laboratory testing.

Cultural norms

Unconscious behavior patterns that are typical of specific groups.

Culture-Bound Syndromes

Disorders created by personal, social, and cultural reactions to malfunctioning biological or psychological processes.