B1 - Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell where the genetic material (DNA) is enclosed in a nucleus.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell where the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus; DNA is free in the cytoplasm.

Give examples of eukaryotic cells

Animal cells and plant cells.

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Bacterial cell.

What is the size difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are larger; prokaryotic cells are much smaller.

Where is the DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Inside the nucleus.

Where is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

In a single loop in the cytoplasm, sometimes with plasmids.

What are plasmids?

Small rings of DNA found in some bacteria.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Site of chemical reactions.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA).

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis.

What extra structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole.

What is the function of the plant cell wall?

Strengthens and supports the cell (made of cellulose).

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll to absorb light.

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Filled with cell sap to help support the cell.

How does the bacterial cell wall differ from the plant cell wall?

Bacterial cell walls are not made of cellulose; they have a different structure.

Name one key similarity between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Both have a cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Name one key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not.