Protozoal and Multicellular Parasites- Notable Characteristics

Match the infestation to its notable characteristics

Can become invasive and cause liver abscess

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Loose stool, abdominal cramping, bloody diarrhea, and fever

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Fecal-oral transmission

amebiasis

Larvae migrate to the intestinal tract

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Itching at the site of entry, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and anemia due to loss of blood at the site of attachment in the intestine.

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Larvae in soil contaminated with feces from an infected person penetrate bare feet and cause infection.

intestinal hookworm

Most common helminthic infection in the world

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Can be asymptomatic; abdominal discomfort and intestinal blockage

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Transmitted through contact with contaminated soil

round worm

Can be found in recreational water such as contaminated swimming pools and hot tubs

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Abdominal cramps and pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss

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Waterborne

cryptosporidiosis

Outbreaks in the United States has been linked to imported fresh produce

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Frequent explosive watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, loss of appetite, weight loss, bloating, excessive gas, and fatigue

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Fecal-oral transmission

cyclosporiasis

Longest human tapeworm, reaching up to 30 feet in length

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Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and vitamin B12 deficiency

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Foodborne- eating raw or undercooked infected fish

fish/broad tapeworm

While the infected person is sleeping, the female species leaves the intestine and lay their eggs on the skin surrounding the anus

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Anal itching and nighttime restlessness due to anal itching

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Fecal-oral transmission

pinworm

Once outside the body, it can live in soil or water for weeks or months

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Greasy, floating stool, gas, diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea, and dehydration

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Fecal-oral transmission

giardiasis

Linked to eating raw or undercooked infected crab or crayfish. Ingested larvae migrate to the lungs.

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Initially diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Followed by fever, chest pain, fatigue, and cough

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Foodborne

lung fluke (paragonimiasis)

Found only in the Americas (mostly Latin America but also the United States)

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Acute phase- fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, and diarrhea

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Chronic phase- cardiomyopathy, heart failure, heart arrhythmia, enlarged esophagus, enlarged colon, and difficulty eating or passing stool

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Vector-borne (triatomine bug)

Chagas disease

Fifth most common cause of death worldwide from infectious disease.

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Fever, chills, sweats, headache, nausea, body aches, and general malaise

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Vector-borne (mosquito)

malaria

Ducks and geese are the most common host. Most larvae will burrow into a human swimmer’s ski.

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Tingling, burning or itching of the skin

Small, reddish pimples, small blisters

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Transmitted through contact with larvae in water

swimmer’s itch (cercarial dermatitis)

Can be transmitted through contact with clothing, combs, or brushes used by an infested individual

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Feeling that something is moving in your hair, itching, difficulty sleeping because of louse activity, and scalp sores

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Transmitted through direct contact with the hair of an infested individual

head lice (pediculosis)

Can be transmitted through contact with bed linens or towels used by an infested individual.

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Genital itching, visible nits or crawling adults

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Transmitted through direct contact with an infested individual (usually sexual contact)

pubic lice (phthiriasis)

Symptoms worse at night

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Intense itching and papular rash

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Transmitted through prolonged, direct contact with an infested individual

scabies

Not known to carry any disease and not considered a public health threat

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Bite marks on the head, neck, face, hands, or other body parts occurring at night while sleeping

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Transmitted through exposure to infested bedding or furniture

bed bugs

Currently uncommon in commercial pork. More cases in the United States are now associated with wild game.

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Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, abdominal pain, headache, chills, coughing, eye swelling, and joint pain

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Foodborne transmission- eating raw or undercooked pork or wild animals

trichinellosis

Forms cysts that may be found in skeletal tissue, myocardium, brain, and eyes.

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Some have no or very mild symptoms; swollen lymph glands and muscle aches

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Foodborne- animal-to-human transmission

toxoplasmosis

Considered the most common and most curable STI

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Women- itching burning, redness, or soreness of the genitals, dysuria, and watery discharge with an unusual smell

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Men- itching or irritation inside the penis, burning after urination or ejaculation, and some penile discharge

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Transmitted through sexual contact

trichomoniasis