STATES OF MATTER

SCIENCE 7

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space. It exists in solid, liquid, and gas forms.

What is the difference between mass and volume?

Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, while volume is the amount of space that object occupies.

Different solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature

Gas: Carbon dioxide, Liquid: Water, Solid: Iron

Does a solid have a fixed mass?

Yes, a solid has a fixed mass and maintains its shape and volume.

Does a liquid have a fixed mass?

Yes, a liquid has a fixed mass but takes the shape of its container.

Does a gas have a fixed mass?

Yes, a gas has a fixed mass but expands to fill its container.

Do solids hold their shape?

Yes, solids hold their shape and do not easily change form.

Do liquids hold their shape?

No, they do not because they take up the space of their container.

Do gases hold their shape?

No, gases do not hold their shape and expand to fill their container.

What does fluid mean and which state of matter is it?

A fluid is a substance that flows and can take the shape of its container; it includes both liquids and gases.

What is a change of state

A change of state refers to the transformation of a substance from one physical state to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

Produce a diagram that shows melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation; in order of occurrence

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What happens when heat energy is added to a substance?

When heat energy is added to a substance, its temperature increases, which can lead to a change of state, such as melting (solid to liquid) or boiling (liquid to gas).

Draw a diagram that shows: Clouds are formed when water vapour rises into the air, and cools down to form droplets. Which changes of state are involved?

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Draw a diagram that compares how particles behave in a solid, liquid, and gas. (Use the particle model and labels)

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Describe and draw the difference between water in both cold and hot versions of a solid, liquid, and gas.

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How does heat affect the volume of a substance? Give a real-life example of a solid, liquid, and gas expanding or contracting with the change of temperature. (Write down)

As temperature increases, the volume of most substances expands due to increased particle movement, while cooling causes contraction. For example, the metal rail on a train track will expand during the summer due to the increased heat and will contract in winter as temperatures drop.

(After graph question) What is the boiling point of a liquid?

The boiling point is when a liquid changes to gas at a specific temperature and pressure, staying at that temperature for as long as it is boiling.

What is diffusion, and which states of matter do it best?

Diffusion is when fluid particles randomly move and spread out in the medium or container they are in.  Gas particles diffuse the fastest (like a smell traveling across a room).  Food dye moving through warm water and spreading out is an example of diffusion

What is the purpose of breaks between bars on a bridge?

The space between bars allows and ensures the metal bars have enough room to expand or decrease in size when heat energy is added or subtracted from the metal.

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

Evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid only and can begin at any time, while boiling happens throughout the entire liquid and occurs more rapidly. It also only begins once the liquid has reached the boiling point, which is when it stays at a consistent high temperature.