God please help me please

What passes through Foramen Rotundum?

Maxillary (CN V2)

What passes through Foramen Ovale?

Mandibular (CN V3)

What passes through Foramen Spinosum?

Middle meningeal artery & Vein (Meningeal branch of V3)

What passes through Lacrimal Canal?

Nasolacrimal duct, drains tears from eye into inferior nasal meatus

What passes through Jugular Foramen?

Spinal cord

Vertebral arteries

CN XI

Meninges

Medulla

Which nasal conchae are located on ethmoid bone?

superior and middle nasal conchae

Falx Cerebri Location

Between cerebral hemispheres (longitudinal fissure)

Falx Cerebelli Location

Between cerebellar hemispheres

Tentorium Cerebelli Location

Between occipital lobes and cerebellum

Diaphragma sellae Location

Covers pituitary gland within sella turcica

Location of Dural Venous Sinuses

Periosteal & Meningeal layers of Dura Mater

What does Dural Venous Sinuses contain?

Venous blood & CSF

Where do Dural Venous Sinuses drain?

Internal Jugular Veins

What are the UNPAIRED sinuses of Dural Venous Sinuses?

superior sagittal

inferior sagittal

straight

occipital

What are the PAIRED sinuses of Dural Venous Sinuses?

transverse

sigmoid

cavernous

superior petrosal

inferior petrosal

Name of the 3 types of white cerebral matter

Commissural Fibers

Association Fibers

Projection Fibers

Commissural Fiber Fxn

Connect two hemispheres

Association Fiber Fxn

Connect areas within the same hemisphere

Projection Fiber Fxn

Connect cortex to lower brain region or spinal cord

Name the 3 parts of deep gray cerebral matter

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

Caudate Nucleus Fxn

involved in motor coordination & learning

Putamen Fxn

Regulates movement & influences learning

Globus Pallidus Fxn

Helps control & regulate voluntary movement

What are the 2 parts of the Corpus Quadrigemina?

Superior & Inferior colliculi

Superior colliculi Fxn

Control reflexive eye movements & visual tracking

Inferior colliculi Fxn

Control auditory reflex & process sound localization

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles?

Superior peduncle

Middle peduncle

Inferior peduncle

Superior peduncle Fxn

Connects cerebellum to midbrain; carries cerebellar output to cortex

Middle peduncle Fxn

Connects cerebellum to pons; carries input from cerebral cortex

Inferior peduncle Fxn

Connects cerebellum to medulla; carries sensory input from spinal cord and brainstem

Cisterns Location

Enlarged areas of the subarachnoid space

What do Cisterns contain?

CSF

Location of Cisterna magna

between the cerebellum and the medulla

Location of interpeduncular cistern

between cerebral peduncles

Location of Pontine cistern

Anterior to pons

Location of Lumbar cistern

Below conus medullaris (L2-S2)

Internal Carotid Arteries give rise to?

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Vertebral Arteries give rise to?

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

Frontalis Fxn

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Orbicularis Oculi Fxn

closes eyelids

Orbicularis Oris Fxn

closes & protrudes lips (kissing, speaking)

Buccinator Fxn

compresses cheek (chewing, blowing)

Zygomaticus major/minor Fxn

elevate upper lip and corners of mouth (smiling)

Platysma Fxn

tenses neck, depresses mandible

Occipitalis Fxn

retracts scalp

V1 (Opthalmic) Cutaneous Nerves

supraorbital

supratrochlear

infratrochlear

external nasal

V2 (Maxillary) Cutaneous Nerves

infraorbital

zygomaticofacial

zygomaticotemporal

V3 (Mandibular) Cutaneous Nerves

auriculotemporal

buccal

mental

Innervation Lateral Rectus

CN VI (Abducens)

Innervation Superior Oblique

CN IV (Trochlear)

Innervation Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique

CN III (Oculomotor)

Masseter Fxn

elevates mandible

Temporalis fxn

elevates and retracts mandible

Medial pytergoid fxn

elevates and protrudes mandible; side to side movement

Lateral pytergoid fxn

depresses and protrudes mandible

3 Parts of Maxillary Artery

1. Mandibular

2. Pterygoid

3. Pterygopalatine

Location of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

entirely within the tongue

Fxn of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

change shape of tongue

Location of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

originate outside the tongue and insert into it

Fxn of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

move tongue position

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transverse

vertical

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

Which bones contain paranasal sinuses?

Frontal bone

Ethmoid bone

Sphenoid bone

Maxilla

Mixed Nerves

V, VII, IX, X

Location of the DCF - investing layer

most superficial deep fascia; encircles entire neck

What does the DCF (investing layer) contain?

trapezius

SCM

submandibular gland

parotid gland

Location of DCF - pretracheal layer

Anterior neck; deep to investing fascia

What does the DCF (pretracheal layer) contain?

thyroid gland

trachea

esophagus

infrahyoid muscles

Location of DCF - prevertebral layer

surrounds vertebral column and deep neck muscles

What does the DCF (prevertebral layer) contain?

cervical vertebral

scalene muscles

longus colli & capitis

Structures in the Carotid Sheath

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Part of ansa cervicalis

Fxn SCM - Unilateral contraction

rotates head to opposite side and tilts it toward same side

Fxn SCM - Bilateral contraction

flexes neck, extends head, assists in forced inspiration

Innervation of SCM

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Submental Triangle Contents

Submental lymph nodes

Small veins forming anterior jugular vein

Submandibular Triangle

Submandibular gland

Facial artery and vein

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Submandibular lymph nodes

Carotid Triangle Contents

Common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Carotid body & sinus

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Muscular Triangle Contents

Infrahyoid muscles

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Larynx

Trachea

Location of Internal Jugular Vein

Carotid sheath, lateral to common carotid

Drainage of Internal Jugular Vein

brachiocephalic vein

Location of External Jugular Vein

Superficial to SCM

Drainage of External Jugular Vein

drain into subclavian vein

Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx (Suprahyoid)

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx (Infrahyoid)

Sternohyoid

Omohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Fxn of Suprahyoid Muscles

Elevate hyoid bone

Assist in opening jaw

Support floor of mouth

Fxn of Infrahyoid Muscles

Depress hyoid bone

Stabilize the hyoid bone for tongue & laryngeal mvmnt.

Location of Common Carotid Artery

Carotid sheath, lateral to the trachea and esophagus

Origin of Common Carotid Artery

Right side: brachiocephalic trunk

Left side: aortic arch

Branches Common Carotid Artery

bifurcates at C3-C4 into int. & ext. carotid artery

Location of Internal Carotid Artery

Deep and posterior to the external carotid

Origin of Internal Carotid Artery

Common carotid artery

Branches of Internal Carotid Artery

no branches in neck

Location of External Carotid Artery

Anterior and medial to internal carotid

Origin of External Carotid Artery

common carotid artery

Location of Carotid Sinus

dilated base of internal carotid artery near bifurcation

Fxn of Carotid Sinus

baroreceptor - detects changes in blood pressure

Location of Carotid Body

At carotid bifurcation, near carotid sinus

Fxn of Carotid Body

chemoreceptor - senses blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH levels

What are the Prevertebral Muscles (Anterior)

Longus capitis

Longus colli

Rectus capitis anterior

Rectus capitis lateralis

What are the Prevertebral Muscles (Lateral)

Anterior Scalene

Middle Scalene

Posterior Scalene