chapter 3 reformation & religious warfare in the 16th century

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Thomas à Kempis

author of The Imitation of Christ, an example of the Catholic movement toward pietism and mysticism just before the Reformation

Wittenburg

a German city where Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses, which precipitated the Protestant Reformation

Edict of Worms

imperal decree branding Luther a criminal and ordering that his books be burned as heresy

Katharina von Bora

former nun whom Luther married, providing a model for the Protestant ministry of the future

Thomas More

former Lord Chancellor of England who supported the pope’s refusal to grant Henry VIII a divorce and was beheaded as a traitor

Calvinism

the form of Protestantism originated and led by John Calvin, centered at Geneva, which spread more widely than any other branch of the movement

Society of Jesus

founded by Ignatius of Loyola, this religious order became the most powerful instrument of the Catholic Reformation

Council of Trent

meeting of Catholic leaders from 1545 to 1563 which dealt with abuses and created the modern Church

Edict of Nantes

decree from King Henry IV that established Catholicism as the official religion of France but gave freedom of worship to Huguenots

Act of Uniformity

made the Book of Common Prayer standard for worship in England and essentially established the Protestant Church of England

Johann Eck

Luther’s opponent in the Leipzig debate

Philip Melanchthon

Lutheran scholar who became known as “Teacher of Germany”

Ulrich Zwingli

Leader of the Swiss Reformed Church movement

Munster

City declared by radical Anabaptists to be the New Jerusalem

Menno Simons

Pacifist leader of Dutch Anabaptists

Thomas Cranmer

Archbishop of Canterbury who granted Henry VIII’s divorce

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII’s second wife

Francis Xavier

Jesuit missionary to India and Japan

Henry IV

Huguenot who became a Catholic to gain a crown

Protestanism

Christian movement started by Martin Luther in 1517 stressing faith and the Bible over Catholic Church authority.