Year 8 Science AT2 Flashcards

Includes the following: Elements and compounds 8.1 definitions First 20 periodic table elements + 10 additional Revision of cell requirements, diffusion and osmosis, cell organisation This was created for personal use so information I find easier to remember may not appear

Atom

The smallest whole part of matter

Nucleon

Referring collectively to protons and neutrons

Order of terms on periodic table element (top to bottom)

NSWN.

Number

Symbol

Weight (round off)

Name

What does an element's atomic weight/mass represent?

Number of nucleons found in the atoms of that element

What does an element's atomic number represent?

Number of protons found in the atoms of that element

How to calculate amount of neutrons in an atom?

(Atomic mass) - (Atomic number)

Where are the non metals found on the periodic table?

On the right hand side, Hydrogen being the exception

Where are the metals found on the periodic table?

On the left hand side

What are the two elements that are liquid at room temperature (25 degrees C approx)?

Br and Hg (bromine and mercury)

Compound

A type of matter made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Element

A type of matter made of one type of atom

Molecule

A type of matter made of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Made of different elements and/or compounds where there is no fixed ratio. Can be separated using physical means

Neutron

A subatomic particle with a neutral charge, found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of such is found by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic weight of an element.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Equivalent to the atomic number of an element.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge. Orbits the nucleus of an atom. Equivalent to the amount of protons in a neutral atom.

Dalton's atomic model

The billiard ball model. A solid spherical ball, hard and indivisible.

JJ Thomson's atomic model

The plum pudding model. Described to be a positive matrix with electrons spread throughout.

Rutherford's atomic model

The nuclear model. Dense positive nucleus consisting of protons only, orbited by electrons.

Bohr's atomic model

The planetary model. Dense nucleus made of protons and neutrons. Orbited by electrons. Protons and electrons are equal in amount in a neutral atom.

How many electrons can be the found in the shells of atoms?

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8 in the third shell

The law of conservation of mass

States that in a chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed

Concentrated solution

Lots of solute, little solvent

Dilute solution

Little solute, lots of solvent

Subatomic

Relating to or being inside the atom

H

Hydrogen

He

Helium

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

B

Boron

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

O

Oxygen

F

Fluorine

Ne

Neon

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminium

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorus

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

Ar

Argon

K

Potassium

Ca

Calcium

Cu

Copper

Fe

Iron

Au

Gold

Pb

Lead

Ag

Silver

Zn

Zinc

Hg

Mercury

I

Iodine

Br

Bromine

Sn

Tin

Lustre

Definition: The manner in which a newly exposed surface of a metal reflects light

Antonym: Dull

Metals: Lustrous

Non-metals: Non lustrous

Ductile

Definition: The ability of a metal to be drawn out to form a wire

Antonym: Brittle

Metals: Ductile

Non-metals: Brittle

Malleable

Definition: The ability of a metal to be beaten to form shapes without breaking

Antonym: Brittle

Metals: Malleable

Non-metals: Brittle

Sonorous

Definition: Able to produce a bell-like sound when struck

Antonym: Non-sonorous

Metals: Sonorous

Non-metals: Not sonorous

Thermal conductivity

Definition: The ability of a substance to allow heat to travel through it

Metals: Conduct heat well

Non-metals: Poor conductors

Electrical conductivity

Definition: The ability of a substance to allow electricity to travel through it

Metals: Conduct electricity well

Non-metals: Usually poorer conductors

Reaction with dilute acid

Metals: Form hydrogen gas bubbles

Non-metals: Usually do not react with dilute acids

Chemical change/reaction

When one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances by breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds.

Physical change

A type of change in which matter changes its physical state or phase as a result of energy charges

Decomposition

A type of chemical reaction where one substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances.

Synthesis

A type of chemical reaction where two or more simple substances chemically combine to form a more complex substance.

Electrolysis

The use of electricity to cause a chemical reaction

Parts of a chemical reaction?

Reactant → product

Alloy

Mixture of metals made by combining two or more metallic elements which results in different physical properties.

Acid

A compound that reacts with metals to produce hydrogen and reacts with bases to form a neutral solution

Metal

A type of matter which is typically a solid, shiny, malleable, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity

Salt

A compound consisting of a metal and a non-metal

Extraction

The action of removing something by effort or force

Precipitation

The action by which a solid settles to the bottom of a solution

Neutralisation

A reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water

Petroleum

A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which can be extracted from rock strata, and refined to produce fuels including petrol, paraffin, and diesel

Chemical formula for water

H₂0

Chemical formula for carbon dioxide

CO₂

Word equation for respiration

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Chemical equation for respiration

C₆H₁₂0₆ + 60₂→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Word equation for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water → Glucose + oxygen

(Under the presence of light energy and chlorophyll)

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂0₆ + 60₂

(Under the presence of light energy and chlorophyll)

Chemical formula for glucose

C₆H₁₂0₆

Signs of a chemical reaction

• Permanent change in colour

• Change in temperature

• Energy given off

• Fizzing/effervescence (gas given off)

• Appearance of a new substance

• Disappearance of an original substance (not always)

Describe the diagram

Pure element OR atoms of an element (only one type of atom is present)

Describe the diagram

Pure element OR atom of an element (only one type of atom is present)

Describe the diagram

Pure compound OR molecule of a compound (one type of compound present)

Describe the diagram

Pure compound OR molecules of a compound (one type of compound present)

Describe the diagram

Mixture of a compound and an element (one type of compound and one type of element present)

Describe the diagram

Mixture of two elements (two types of uncombined atoms present)

Describe the diagram

Pure element OR molecules of an element (only one type of atom present)

Describe the diagram

Mixture of two elements (one element is a molecule and the other is atoms)

High area of concentration

Substance’s particles are closely packed

Low area of concentration

Substance's particles are spread out.

Osmosis

The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution OR The movement of a solvent from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Diffusion

Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Caused by the constant random motion of particles.

Animal and plant cells contain…

My New Vibrant Red Car Cruises Carefree (acronym)

Mitochondria, Nucleus, Vacuole (small), Ribosome, Cell membrane, Cytosol, Cytoplasm

Plant cells additionally contain…

Chloroplast, larger vacuole, cell wall

MRS AR

Movement, Respiration, Stimuli, Assimilation, Reproduction

Levels of cell organisation

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism