Energy - Fossil Fuels - 17.1 to 17.3

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Electricity

most commonly made from burning coal

crude oil

the form petroleum takes when in the ground.

coal

forms underground from decomposed swamply plant material

gasoline

refined oil, powers vehicles

strip mining

cheap, easy and safe method of coal mining

subsurface mining

The extraction of coal from deep underground, expensive and dangerous

carbon

main element found in fossil fuels

bituminous coal

soft coal, very common; found closer to surface

Oil

fossil fuel made from plant remains that are crushed with heat, lot of time, and pressure underwater

natural gas

fossil fuel made along when coal and oil forms, pockets usually found around them (coal and oil), burns clean, is most efficient

primary extraction

method used to remove oil, when it easily flows out of the ground (due to the pressure)

kinetic energy

energy due to motion

potential energy

energy that an object has because of its shape or position (possibly energy that is stored)

thermal energy

Heat energy, also the kinetic energy of all the atoms and molecules in an object (more energy the atoms and molecules have = the faster they move = warmer object)

energy conservation

finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently

Nonrenewable Energy

A resource that cannot be replaced once used.

renewable energy

unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans

Petrochemicals

Compounds that are made from oil, used to make plastics

methane hydrate

An ice like solid that consists of molecules of methane, potential future fuel

air pollution

the contamination of air by harmful substances from fossil fuel burning

Generator

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Energy

the ability to do work or cause a change

Mechanical Energy

associated with the motion and position of an object, for example, a moving bike, car, and baseball (according to the textbook) have mechanical kinetic energy, while a spring has potential mechanical energy.

Electrical Energy

associated with electric charges, for example, energy stored in a phone’s battery is potential electrical energy, while using the phone to make a call is turning it into kinetic.

electromagnetic energy

travels through space in the forms of waves, for example, visible light, radio waves, and ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic energy. Using a microwave to cook food or warming under the sun is using or experiencing electromagnetic energy.

Chemical energy

stored in the bonds that hold the atoms together in molecules, meaning (mostly) when the bonds break, energy may be released. Chemical energy is always potential energy, though it can be converted into different forms, including kinetic (eg. the food that you eat has chemical energy in their bonds, and after digesting it, you get the energy from it and use it to run around, converting it into kinetic mechanical energy.) And remember, FOSSIL FUELS CONTAIN CHEMICAL ENERGY!

Nuclear energy

involves forces within atoms, can be put into two categories: fission and fusion. Fission = splitting the atom (usually uranium-235) Fusion = combining atoms, usually a H2 and H3 into helium

Energy Conversion

Energy can be converted from one form to another, for example: When fireworks explode, chemical energy converts to thermal and electromagnetic energy.

Combustion

an example of energy conversion, also the process in which a fuel burns because it combines rapidly with oxygen