list items ansc exam 2

Amylase

MOUTH Digest CHO

Mucin

MOUTH stick food together

Bicarbonate

MOUTH buffer VFAs

HCl

STOMACH activate pepsinogen

Mucin

STOMACH protect stomach lining

gastric lipase

STOMACH digest fat

pepsinogen (pepsin)

STOMACH digest protein

intrinsic factor

STOMACH facilitate B12 absorption

rennin

STOMACH/ABOMASUM coagulate milk

bile

LIVER/GALL BLADDER emulsify fat

pancreatic amylase

PANCREAS digest CHO

pancreatic lipase

PANCREAS digest fat

trypsin

PANCREAS digest protein

chymotrypsin

PANCREAS digest protein

carboxypeptidase

PANCREAS digest protein

bicarbonate

PANCREAS buffer pH

sucrase

SMALL INTESTINE digest sucrose

maltase

SMALL INTESTINE digest maltose

lactase

SMALL INTESTINE digest lactose

aminopeptidase

SMALL INTESTINE digest polypeptides

nucleotidases & nucleosidases

SMALL INTESTINE digest nucleotides

Mouth

contains the lips, teeth, tongue, and salivary glands. the first part of the digestive system.

Lips

Needed for prehension, keeping the mouth closed. More important in some species, and having particular functions in some, and not important or present in others.

Teeth

Necessary for particle size reduction, mastication of food. Shaped differently based on diet.

Tongue

Necessary for swallowing

Esophagus

After the mouth, necessary to move the food. In all species, but looks differently in mammals than birds. 

Stomach

Functions for storage of food as well as starting chemical digestion. The complexity varies largely based on the species. 

Proventriculus

The “stomach” of poultry, it follows the crop. Has the same function as the mammal stomach: secretions, acid, enzymes, etc.

Gizzard

In poultry, very muscular organ that uses indigestible particles and grinds food up as teeth might.

Rumen

large fermentation vat in the compartment of a ruminant stomach

Reticulum

A rumen stomach compartment that is known as the “hardware stomach” which has a honeycomb lining and moves food back and forth 

Omasum

A rumen stomach compartment known for its “many piles” which filter between rumen and food moving down the digestive tract. involved in H2O balance

Abomasum

A rumen stomach compartment known as the “true stomach” which is glandular and has the most basic storage. 

Small Intestine

A long, coiled tube in the digestive system that absorbs nutrients from food into the bloodstream. 

Pyloric Valve

The last region of the non-ruminant stomach which is what separates the stomach from the intestinal system, and the valve can be open or closed. Also can be called a syphincter.

Duodenum

Where things enter the small intestine, lots of digestion and absorption occur here.

Jejunum + Ileum

The two sections of the small intestine that are small and have the most absorption because they are longer.

Cecum

The blind pouch at junction of small and large intestine. Provides post-absorptive fermentation vat in non-ruminant herbivores.

Colon

The final part of the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum.

Large Intestine

Contains the ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Functions for storage of fecal material and absorption of water.

Rectum

The last 12-15 centimeters (5-6 inches) of the large intestine, located above the anus

Anus

The external opening of the digestive tract, located at the end of the rectum

Cloaca

A common chamber in many animals, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and monotremes, where the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts all open

Crop

a pouch in the esophagus used for temporary food storage before it is digested

Liver

located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and is responsible for producing bile, processing nutrients, and detoxifying harmful substances

Gall Bladder

When fatty foods enter the small intestine, this organ contracts and releases bile into the digestive tract, to emulsify fats

Bile duct

A network of tubes that transport bile from the liver to the small intestine.

Pancreas

It plays a crucial role in the digestive system by producing enzymes and hormones that aid in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. 

Pancreatic duct

Carries digestive juices from the pancreas and empties into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine

Gastrin

stimulation of acid secretion by gastic glands

gastric inhibitory polypetide

inhibition of gastic secretion and motility

secretin

stimulation of pancreatic secretions

cheolecystokinin (CCK)

contraction of gall bladder, stimulates pancreas, inhibits gastric acid

enterocrinin

stimulation of intestinal secretion

insulin & glucagon

insulin: lowers blood glucose by getting glucose into cells

glucagon: frees glucose from cells and raises blood glucose

deoxynivalenol main idea

feed refusal in pigs

zearalenone main idea

estrogenic

aflatoxin main idea

deadly carcinogenic

fumonison main idea

kills horses

ergot main idea

rye, unpalatable, LSD

deoxynivalenol scientific name

gibberella zea

zearalenone scientific name

gibberella zea

aflatoxin scientific name

aspergillus flavus

fumonison scientific name

fusarium moniliforme

ergot scientific name

claviceps purpurea

Penicillum

bread mold, common blue mold