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Medulla

Part of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing.

Pons

Part of the brainstem that coordinates movement and plays a role in sleep.

Reticular Formation

Regulates alertness and attention.

Cerebellum

Area of the brain that helps with balance, coordination, and fine motor movement.

Amygdala

Structure in the limbic system that processes emotions like fear and aggression.

Hippocampus

Part of the limbic system essential for forming new memories.

Hypothalamus

Part of the limbic system that regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior; controls the pituitary gland.

Cerebral Cortex

Outer layer of the brain involved in higher-level thinking, planning, and decision-making.

Frontal Lobe

Part of the cerebral cortex that controls reasoning, planning, and problem-solving.

Parietal Lobe

Part of the cerebral cortex that Processes touch and sensory information.

Temporal Lobe

Part of the cerebral cortex that processes auditory information and contains Wernicke’s area for language comprehension.

Occipital Lobe

Part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for vision.

Corpus Collosum

Connects the right and left hemisphere of the brain.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Made up of the brain and spinal cord, processes and interprets sensory information.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

All nerves outside the CNS that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Somatic Nervous System

Controls voluntary muscle movements.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat and digestion.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'rest and digest' response.

Neuron

Basic building block of the nervous system.

Dendrites

Part of a neuron that receives signals.

Cell Body (Soma)

Processes information in a neuron.

Axon

Sends signals away from the neuron.

Myelin Sheath

speeds up transmission.

Axon Terminals

Release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse.

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and movement.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, and sleep.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Neurotransmitter important for muscle action and memory.

Norepinephrine

Involved in alertness and arousal.

Endorphins

Natural painkillers released by the body.