Joint Classifications

Syndesmosis

________ (& interosseous membranes)- fibrous joint that consists of bundles of dense connective tissue fibers (collagen) that connect the bones; synarthroses or amphiarthrosis.

Synchondrosis

________- cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is a solid piece of cartilage that allows little or no movement (synarthroses); articulating bones are lightly connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage; ex) first rib and the manubrium of the sternum, epiphyseal cartilages; adjacent bone tends to undergo synostosis (fusion) when growth is complete.

Symphysis

________- cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage and a broad flat disc of fibrous cartilage connects the bones; amphiarthrosis and present in the midline joints.

Synostosis

________- complete fusion of two separate bones into one; present during growth, replaced by bone as an adult.

Sutures

________- fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue; ________ occur only between bones of the skull; covered by a layer of osteogenic cells (cambial layer) overlaid by a capsular lamella of fibrous tissue which is continuous with the periosteum.

Frontal suture

________- a suture persisting past age 6 that is immovable.

Fibrous Joints

________- articulating bones are united by dense irregular connective tissue; immovable to slightly moveable; no cartilage.

Fibrous Joints

articulating bones are united by dense irregular connective tissue; immovable to slightly moveable; no cartilage

Cartilaginous Joints

a solid piece of hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage that unites the articulating bones; immovable to slightly moveable; ex) intervertebral disk

Synovial joints

two-layered articular capsule that unites the articulating bones and surrounds a lubricated space called an articular cavity; slightly moveable to freely moveable; most of the joints in your body; diarthrosis

Sutures

fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue; _______ occur only between bones of the skull; covered by a layer of osteogenic cells (cambial layer) overlaid by a capsular lamella of fibrous tissue which is continuous with the periosteum

Synostosis

complete fusion of two separate bones into one; present during growth, replaced by bone as an adult

Syndesmosis (& interosseous membranes)

fibrous joint that consists of bundles of dense connective tissue fibers (collagen) that connect the bones; synarthroses or amphiarthrosis

Synchondrosis

cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is a solid piece of cartilage that allows little or no movement (synarthroses); articulating bones are lightly connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage; ex) first rib and the manubrium of the sternum, epiphyseal cartilages; adjacent bone tends to undergo synostosis (fusion) when growth is complete

Symphysis

cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage and a broad flat disc of fibrous cartilage connects the bones; amphiarthrosis and present in the midline joints

Plane Joint

flat or slightly curved surfaces that are primarily back and forth and side to side movements, but may rotate; biaxial

Hinge joints

convex surface of one bone into a concave surface of another; angular, opening and closing motion (flexion-extension movement), uniaxial

Pivot Joints

rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed by bone and ligament; uniaxial with rotation around its longitudal axis;

Condylar Joint

oval shaped projection/depression pairing, movement around 2 axes (restricted rotation), biaxial (abduction-adduction, flexion-extension);

Saddle Joint

saddle-shaped surface pairing with biaxial movements

Ball-and-Socket Joints

triaxial movements

example of plane joint

2nd and 3rd cuneiforms of tarsus in foot

ex) Hinge joint

elbow

ex) Pivot Joints

radioulnar joints

ex) condylar joint

radius and scaphoid bones of wrist

ex) saddle joint

Sternoclavicular joint; between trapezium of wrist and metacarpal of thumb

ex) ball-and-socket joints

acetabulum of hip bone and femur head