phys & chm properties/ pre-lab

components of honey

• glucose

• sugars

• pollen

• proteins

• amino acids

• beeswax

what is lugol’s test for?

to test for the presence of starch

lugol’s test positive/negative result

negative(no starch) - honey color / positive(yes starch) - black color

benedict’s test

testing for reducing sugars - results: range from blue (no reducing sugar) to red( high reducing sugar)

tollen’s test

if solution contains aldehydes - negative (no aldehydes) - no silver / positive (yes aldehydes ) - yes silver/mirror effect

seliwanoff’s test

if has ketones - negative (no ketones) - clear / positive (yes ketones) red/pink color

Reducing sugars

carbohydrates with free aldehyde or ketone groups that can be oxidized.

pentose

Monosaccharides w 5 carbon atoms

hexose

Monosaccharides w 6 carbon atoms

aldoses

carbohydrates with an aldehyde group

ketoses

carbohydrates with a ketone group

carbonyl group

carbon double bonded to a oxygen atom

Monosaccharides

simple sugars and can have anywhere from 3-9 carbon atoms