Growth Hormone Axis and Growth Disorders

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts related to growth disorders including definitions, symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment approaches based on the provided lecture notes.

What is short stature defined as?

Short stature is defined as < -2 SDS of the population.

What are the phases of growth during childhood?

Infancy depends mainly on IGF-1, and childhood primarily depends on GH.

What treatment is commonly used for hypothyroidism in newborns?

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

What is the primary screening tool for neonatal hypothyroidism?

The Guthrie test.

What condition is characterized by disproportional growth failure and short limbs?

Achondroplasia.

What are the common symptoms of hypothyroidism in newborns?

Large baby, poor feeding, dry skin, and lethargy.

What causes constitutional delay of Growth and Puberty?

It is due to a temporary delay in the growth of bones.

What is the common disorder of growth mentioned in the lecture?

Obesity.

What is the most common cause of simple obesity in children?

Imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure.

What is the consequence of psychosocial deprivation on growth?

It can cause reduced growth rates during periods of emotional upheaval.

What is Turner syndrome characterized by?

45XO, short stature, webbed neck, and delayed puberty.

What common diagnostic study is performed to confirm hypothyroidism?

Measuring serum TSH levels.

What are the potential social consequences of short stature?

Bullying and disadvantage in adulthood.

What are the endocrine causes of childhood obesity listed in the notes?

Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, GH deficiency, hyperinsulinism, and PCOS.

How should growth records be kept?

A Growth Record should be maintained by the mother for each child.

What is the typical prevalence ratio of Turner syndrome in females?

1:50 with a male to female ratio of 6:1.

What are typical anthropometric measurements to assess growth?

Weight, length, head circumference, and BMI.

What screening practices are suggested for newborns regarding hypothyroidism?

Heel stick test to check T4 and follow with TSH testing.

What is a delayed bone age typically associated with?

Conditions like Turner syndrome or hypothyroid states.

What is an important aspect of managing obesity in children?

Identifying and excluding pathological causes before diagnosing simple obesity.