EROSION AND TRANSPORTATION

Erosion

* it is a must and %%**inevitable**%%
* process of %%**transporting weathered sediments**%% by agents of erosion from one place to another

Water

* %%**primary agent**%% of erosion on earth

Splash erosion

* %%**raindrops**%% cause tiny particles of soils to be detached and moved out

Sheet erosion

* sheet of soil is %%**removed**%%
* raindrops %%**break apart the soil structure and move downslope as water flows over land as sheet**%%

Gully erosion

* after a heavy rain, water flows in narrow channels, %%**eroding gullies into great depth**%%

Valley erosion

* continuous flow of water alongside land and downward movement %%**deepens a valley**%%

Bank Erosion

* continuous flow of water %%**wears out stones along the bank of streams and rivers**%%

Coastlines Erosion

* waves from the ocean and seas crash onto shorelines and %%**break down rocks into pebbles and reduce the pebbles into** __**sand**__%%

Seaside Cliffs

* can commonly find caves under
* ocean waves battering seaside cliffs bore holes that may become %%**caves**%%

Glaciers

* can erode land through %%**plucking and abrasion**%%

Plucking

* fractured bedrocks are %%**incorporated into the ice**%%

Abrasion

* ice and its load of rock fragments %%**slide over a bedroc**%%k

Glacial Striations

* rocks %%**embedded into the ice scrape across bedrock**%%, cutting deep, parallel grooves and scratches

Wind

* strong winds %%**wears away soft, rocks, also polishes rocks, and cliffs until they are smooth**%%
* erode materials %%**until nothing is left**%%

Desert Pacement

when wind blows, it %%**removed only the slit and sand, leaving pebbles and cobbles as a continuous cover of stones**%%

Solution

* dissolved and carried by %%**water**%%
* dissolved materials are carried by the river

Suspension

* carried by a %%**medium**%% (air, water, or ice)
* %%**fine material**%% such as clay and sediment is carried by the river

Traction

* %%**rolling, sliding, and shuffling**%% along eroded surface
* large boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed

Saltation

* move from the surface to the medium in a quick, repeated cycles
* small stones, pebbles and slit bounces along the river bed

Deposition

* Aggradation or %%**accumulation of weather sediments**%% to __**create different landforms**__

Alluvial Fan

* when stream velocity decreases, stream deposits the sediments it carries forming a %%**fan-shaped mound**%%

Delta

* a %%**stream**%% also shows abruptly where it %%**enters the still water of a lake or ocean**%%
* the sediment settles out to form a %%**nearly flat landform**%%

Flood Plain

* during a flood, the stream overflows onto %%**low-lying adjacent land**%%

Levees

* is a %%**wall built along the banks of a stream to prevent rising water from spilling out**%% of the stream channel onto the flood plain

Glacial Till

* unsorted rock deposited underneath or neat the glacier’s margin and %%**often compacted by the weight of overriding ice**%%

Esker

* %%**a long, snakelike ridge**%% formed as the channel deposit of a stream that flowed within or beneath a melting glacier

Drumlins

* elongate hills, usually occurring in clusters, formed %%**when a glacier flows over and reshapes a mount of till**%%

Kame

* a small mound or ridge of stratified drift deposited by a stream that %%**flows on top of, within, or beneath a glacier**%%

Kettle

* a %%**small depression**%% formed by a block of stagnant ice
* many %%**filled with water**%%

Outwash Plain

* a broad, gently-sloping surface formed when outwash spreads onto a wide valley or plain beyond a glacier

Loess

* blanket of silt %%**carried by wind in suspension and deposited over broad areas**%%

Sand dunes

* deposits of coarse materials %%**in the shape of hills or ridges**%%