Professor Messer's CompTIA Network+ N10-008 - Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Professor Messer CompTIA Network+ N10-008 course notes.

OSI Model

A guide (thus the term “model”) - The basic network language, the foundation of communication at the data link layer.

The Physical Layer

Signaling, cabling, connectors – Fix your cabling, punch-downs, etc. - Run loopback tests, test/replace cables, swap adapter cards

Data Link Control (DLC) protocols

MAC (Media Access Control) address on Ethernet

Network Layer

Internet Protocol (IP), Fragments frames to traverse different networks

Transport Layer

Parcels and letters - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (UserDatagram Protocol)

Session Layer

Communication management between devices – Start, stop, restart - Half-duplex, full-duplex

Presentation Layer

Character encoding, Application encryption - Often combined with the Application Layer

Application Layer

The layer we see - HTTP, FTP, DNS, POP3

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

Maximum IP packet to transmit - But not fragment, Fragmentation slows things down

Star Topology

Hub and spoke - Used in most large and small networks - All devices are connected to a central device

Ring Topology

Used in many popular topologies - Still used in many Metro Area Networks (MANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Bus Topology

Early local area networks - One break in the link disabled the entire network

Mesh Topology

Multiple links to the same place – Fully connected - Partially connected, Redundancy, fault-tolerance, load balancing

Hybrid Topology

A combination of one or more physical topologies - Most networks are a hybrid

Infrastructure Wireless Topology

All devices communicate through an access point - The most common wireless communication mode

Ad Hoc Wireless Topology

No preexisting infrastructure - Devices communication amongst themselves

LAN - Local Area Network

A building or group of buildings – High-speed connectivity - Ethernet and 802.11 wireless

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

A network in your city – Larger than a LAN, often smaller than a WAN - Common to see government ownership

WAN - Wide Area Network

Generally connects LANs across a distance - Terrestrial and non-terrestrial

WLAN - Wireless LAN

802.11 technologies, Mobility within a building or geographic area

PAN - Personal Area Network

Your own private network – Bluetooth, IR, NFC

CAN - Campus Area Network

Corporate Area Network - Limited geographical area – A group of buildings

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Connect to a shared storage device across the network - File-level access

Storage Area Network (SAN)

Looks and feels like a local storage device - Block-level access

MPLS

Packets through the WAN have a label - Routing decisions are easy

mGRE

Multipoint Generic Router Encapsulation - Used extensively for Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN)

SD-WAN

Software Defined Networking in a Wide Area Network - A WAN built for the cloud

Demarcation Point

The point where you connect with the outside world - WAN provider, Internet service provider

Smartjack

Network interface unit (NIU) - The device that determines the demarc

Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

Replace physical network devices with virtual versions - Manage from the hypervisor

Hypervisor

Virtual Machine Manager - Manages the virtual platform and guest operating systems

vSwitch

Virtual switch - Move the physical switch into the virtual environment

Virtual Network Interface Card (vNIC)

A virtual machine needs a network interface

Satellite Networking

Communication to a satellite - Non-terrestrial communication

DSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

Uses telephone lines, Download speed is faster than the upload speed

Cable Broadband

Transmission across multiple frequencies - Different traffic types

Fiber

High speed data communication - Frequencies of light

Metro Ethernet

Metropolitan-area network - A contained regional area

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

No additional shielding - The most common twisted pair cabling

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

Additional shielding protects against interference - Shield each pair and/or the overall cable

Coaxial Cables

Two or more forms share a common axis

Twinaxial Cables

Two inner conductors (Twins) - Common on 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ cables

ISO/IEC 11801 Cabling Standards

Defines classes of networking standards

ANSI/TIA-568

Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

T568A and T568B Termination

Pin assignments in EIA/TIA-568-B - Eight conductor 100-ohm balanced twisted-pair cabling

Fiber Communication

Transmission by light - The visible spectrum

UPC - Ultra-Polished Connectors

Ferrule end-face radius polished at a zero degree angle - High return loss

APC - Angle-Polished Connectors

Ferrule end-face radius polished at an eight degree angle - Lower return loss, generally higher insertion loss than UPC

MT-RJ

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack

SC

Subscriber Connector

ST

Straight Tip

LC

Local Connector

Media Converter

OSI Layer 1 – Physical layer signal conversion

Transceiver

Transmitter and receiver - Usually in a single component

SFP

Small Form-factor Pluggable - Commonly used to provide 1 Gbit/s fiber

SFP+

Enhanced Small Form-factor Pluggable- Exactly the same size as SFPs

QSFP

4-channel SFP is Four 1 Gbit/s equaling 4 Gbit/s

66 Block

A patch panel for analog voice - And some digital links

110 Block

Wire-to-wire patch panel - No intermediate interface required

Krone Block

An alternative to the 110 block - Common in Europe

BIX (Building Industry Cross-connect)

Created in the 1970s by Northern Telecom - A common block type

BASE (baseband)

Single frequency using the entire medium

100 megabit Ethernet over fiber

Pair of multimode fiber - Laser components

1000BASE-SX

Gigabit Ethernet using NIR (near infrared) light - Usually over multi-mode fiber

1000BASE-LX

Gigabit Ethernet using long wavelength laser - Multi-mode fiber to 550 meters

WDM

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing - Bidirectional communication over a single strand of fiber

IP address

Every device needs a unique IP address

Subnet Mask

Used by the local device to determine what subnet it’s on

Default Gateway

The router that allows you to communicate outside of your local subnet

Loopback Address

An address to yourself

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Provides automatic addresses and IP configuration for almost all devices

APIPA - Automatic Private IP Addressing

A link-local address - No forwarding by routers

NAT (Network Address Translation)

This isn’t the only use of NAT

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Transfer email between mail servers

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Client -server email transfer

RFC 1918 Private IPv4 Addresses

Static NAT

Unicast

One station sending information to another station

Broadcast

Send information to everyone at once

Multicast

Delivery of information to interested systems

Anycast

Single destination IP address has multiple paths to two or more endpoints

Classful Subnetting

Very specific subnetting architecture - Not used since 1993

Network Address

The first IP address of a subnet - Set all host bits to 0

Network Broadcast Address

The last IP address of a subnet - Set all host bits to 1

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masks)

The subnet mask is based on the network class

Ethernet

The most popular networking technology in the world

IPv6 Addresses

Internet Protocol v6 - 128-bit address

Tunneling IPv6 (6to4 Addressing)

Send IPv6 over an existing IPv4 network - Creates an IPv6 based on the IPv4 address

Teredo/Miredo

Tunnel IPv6 through NATed IPv4

Dual-Stack Routing

Interfaces will be assigned multiple address types

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)

The tunnel between two endpoints

VPNs - Virtual Private Networks

Encrypted (private) data traversing a public network

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)

Security for OSI Layer 3, Authentication and encryption for every packet

AH (Authentication Header)

Data integrity, Origin authentication

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)

Data confidentiality (encryption), Data integrity

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Provides automatic address / IP configuration for almost all devices

Domain Name System

Translates human-readable names into computer-readable IP addresses

Start of Authority (SOA)

Describes the DNS zone details

Address Records (A) (AAAA)

Defines the IP address of a host

Mail Exchanger Record (MX)

Determines the host name for the mail server

Name Server Records (NS)

List the name servers for a domain