Chapter 5: Chemical Bonds and Compounds

Valence electron

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

Lewis Symbols

Represent valence electrons as dots around atomic symbol.

Octet Rule

An atom is stabilized by having its valence energy level filled.

Ions

Atoms or groups of atoms that have an overall charge.

Cations

Positively charged ions.

Anions

Negatively charged ions.

Polyatomic Ions

Groups of atoms with a charge.

Ionic Bonds

An attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

Valence electrons shared between two nonmetal atoms.

Diatomic Molecules

Molecules that consist of two identical atoms.

Double Covalent Bond

Two shared pairs of electrons.

Triple Covalent Bond

Three shared pairs of electrons.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed by sharing electrons between nonmetal atoms.

Binary Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed by two different nonmetals.

Aqueous Solution

A homogenous mixture in which the main component is water.

Soluble

Able to dissolve in water.

Insoluble

Unable to dissolve in water.

Electrolyte Solutions

Solutions that conduct electricity due to the presence of ions.

Dissociation

The process of ions being pulled apart in an aqueous solution.

Covalent Molecules

Molecules that do not dissociate into ions.