British Wars in Mysore and Sikh

1767 - 1769

1st Anglo-Mysore War (duration of 2 years).

1769

Treaty of Madras ended the 1st Anglo-Mysore War.

1780 - 1784

2nd Anglo-Mysore War (duration of 4 years).

1781

Battle of Porto Novo; Hyder Ali was defeated by British forces.

1782

Death of Hyder Ali due to cancer in the middle of the war.

1784

Treaty of Mangalore ended the 2nd Anglo-Mysore War.

1790 - 1792

3rd Anglo-Mysore War (duration of 2 years).

1792

Treaty of Seringapatnam ended the 3rd Anglo-Mysore War.

1798

Subsidiary alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley.

1798

Hyderabad became the first state to sign the Subsidiary Alliance.

1798 - 1799

4th Anglo-Mysore War (duration of 1 year).

1799

Subsidiary alliance adopted by Mysore and Tanjore; Tipu Sultan killed in battle.

1801

Subsidiary alliance adopted by Awadh.

1802

Subsidiary alliance adopted by Peshwa.

1809

Treaty of Amritsar signed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British.

1839

Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, leading to political instability in Punjab.

1845 - 1846

1st Anglo-Sikh War.

1846

Battle of Aliwal (part of the 1st Anglo-Sikh War).

1846

Treaty of Lahore and Treaty of Bhairowal signed.

1846

Treaty of Amritsar (Kashmir region handed over to Raja Gulab Singh).

1848

2nd Anglo-Sikh War sparked by Mulraj's rebellion in Multan.

Wodeyar Dynasty

Ruling dynasty in Mysore, strengthened by Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar.

Hyder Ali

Began as a soldier under the Wodeyars, rose to become the de facto ruler of Mysore.

Factions of 1st Anglo-Mysore War

East India Company, Marathas, and the Nizam of Hyderabad vs. Haider Ali.

Terms of Treaty of Madras

British assured assistance to Haider Ali in the event of an attack by the Marathas or the Nizam.

Winner of 1st Anglo-Mysore War

Mysore.

Cause of 2nd Anglo-Mysore War

Violation of the Madras Treaty by the British.

Battle of Porto Novo details

Hyder Ali was defeated by British forces led by Sir Eyre Coote.

Tipu Sultan's succession

Sat on the throne after the death of his father, Hyder Ali.

Winner of 2nd Anglo-Mysore War

There was no winner.

British Leader in 3rd Anglo-Mysore War

Lord Cornwallis.

3rd Anglo-Mysore War outcome

Tipu Sultan was defeated (Capital

Terms of Treaty of Seringapatnam

Heavy war indemnity of ₹3 crore imposed on Tipu Sultan, ceded half of his kingdom, two sons taken as hostages.

Jacobin Club

Established by Tipu Sultan, who declared himself "Citizen Tipu".

"Tree of Liberty"

Planted by Tipu Sultan in his capital, Seringapatam.

Tipu Sultan's foreign alliance attempts

Established contact with Napoleon Bonaparte and invited him to India for a joint struggle against the British.

Cause of 4th Anglo-Mysore War

Growing proximity of Tipu Sultan with the French.

4th Anglo-Mysore War outcome

Tipu Sultan killed; independent power of Mysore ended; state handed back to Wodeyar dynasty under British suzerainty.

Governor General of India (4th Anglo-Mysore War)

Lord Richard Wellesley.

Subsidiary Alliance Brainchild

French Governor General Dupleix.

Subsidiary Alliance Terms

Indian rulers had to pay subsidy for British Garrison/Army, and seek permission to partner with other Europeans or negotiate with other Indian rulers.

Sikh Empire Status

The last to fall (EIC buffer from Napoleon and Czar).

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Belonged to Sukerchakia Misl (one of the 12 Sikh Misls).

Terms of Treaty of Amritsar (1809)

Declared the Sutlej river as the boundary between the Sikh Kingdom and the British Empire.

Maharaja Duleep Singh

Ascended the throne at a very young age (5 years old); Maharani Jind Kaur served as Regent.

Cause of 1st Anglo-Sikh War

The British violated the terms of the Treaty of Amritsar (1809).

Lord Hardinge

Governor-General of India during the 1st Anglo-Sikh War.

Battle of Aliwal details

British under Sir Harry Smith defeated the Sikh forces.

Treaty of Lahore indemnity

1.5 cr indemnity imposed.

Terms of Treaty of Amritsar (1846)

British handed the Kashmir region to Raja Gulab Singh for ₹75 lakh; resulted in cession of Jammu & Kashmir as a separate princely state.

Mulraj

Governor of Multan, dissatisfied with British control, killed two British officers sparking the Sikh rebellion.

2nd Anglo-Sikh War outcome

Maharaja Duleep Singh was captured and sent to Britain; the Kohinoor diamond was stolen.

Governor General (2nd Anglo-Sikh War)

Lord Dalhousie.