Final Exam - General GU cancers

what is the 3rd most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women

colorectal cancer

what age increases risk for colorectal cancer

50 and older

what diet is associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer

high red or processes meats, low fiber

what are some conditions that increase risk for colorectal cancer

lynch syndrome, FAP, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, IBD

what are some s/s of colorectal cancer

- bowel changes

-blood in stool

- abdominal discomfort

- incomplete evacuation

- weakness and fatigue

- unexplained weight loss

what allows a visual examination of the entire colon and rectum

colonoscopy

what checks for hidden blood in stool

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

what examines the rectum and lower part of the colon

flexible sigmoidoscopy

what detects DNA mutations associated with colorectal cancer

stool DNA test

what imaging can be used to check for spread to other organs

ct or mri

what is a polypectomy/local excision

Removal of polyps or early-stage cancer during colonoscopy.

what is a partial colectomy

Removal of the cancerous part of the colon and nearby lymph nodes

what is a colostomy

Creation of an opening in the abdomen to bypass the rectum if necessary

what is used to shrink tumors before surgery or to destroy remaining cancer cells post-surgery

radiation therapy

Systemic treatment to kill cancer cells, often used after surgery to reduce recurrence risk

chemotherapy

what is the 5-year survival rate for localized colorectal cancer

90%

what is a very major risk factor for anal cancer

HPV infection

what are other risk factors for anal cancer

>50yo, hx of anal intercourse, smoking, HIV/AIDS, chronic anal conditions

what are some s/s for anal cancer

rectal bleeding, anal pain, anal lump, itching, changes in bowel habits, discharge, swollen lymph nodes

visual examination of the anal canal using small, lighted tube

anoscopy

examination of the rectum and lower colon with a flexible scope

protoscopy

removal of tissue sample for microscopic examination to confirm cancer

biopsy

what is an abdominoperineal resection

removal of anus, rectum, part of colon

true or false

early-stage anal cancer has a high survival rate

true