Endocrine System
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49 Terms
hormone
chemical messenger released by a gland
endocrine gland
ductless gland that releases hormones into the blood
pituitary gland
master gland
growth hormone
stimulates bone and tissue growth
TSH
stimulates the thyroid
ACTH
stimulates the adrenal cortex
ADH
helps the kidneys retain water
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions and milk release
prolactin
stimulates milk production
thyroid gland
controls metabolism
thyroxine
main thyroid hormone
calcitonin
lowers blood calcium
parathyroid glands
control blood calcium
parathyroid hormone
raises blood calcium
adrenal cortex
makes cortisol and aldosterone
adrenal medulla
makes epinephrine and norepinephrine
cortisol
stress hormone that raises blood sugar
aldosterone
regulates sodium and water balance
epinephrine
adrenaline or fight or flight hormone
islets of Langerhans
insulin making cells in the pancreas
insulin
lowers blood glucose
glucagon
raises blood glucose
testosterone
male sex hormone
estrogen
female sex hormone
progesterone
prepares the uterus for pregnancy
melatonin
hormone from the pineal gland that regulates sleep
diabetes mellitus
high blood glucose from lack of insulin or insulin resistance
type 1 diabetes
insulin deficiency
type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance
diabetes insipidus
lack of ADH causing large amounts of dilute urine
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
ketoacidosis
buildup of ketones and acid from lack of insulin
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
excessive hunger
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid
Graves disease
autoimmune hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid
myxedema
severe hypothyroidism in adults
goiter
enlarged thyroid
Cushing syndrome
excess cortisol
Addison disease
too little adrenal hormone
acromegaly
excess growth hormone in adults
gigantism
excess growth hormone in childhood
exophthalmos
bulging eyes
hemoglobin A1c
average blood sugar over about three months
thyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid