Amines/Amides

Element present in amines and amides

Nitrogen

Amines and amides

They are abundant in nature and are a major component of proteins and enzymes, nucleic acids, alkaloid drugs.

Amines

Derivative of ammonia NH3, contains N attached to one or more alkyl/aromatic groups (Dyes, alkaloids, amphetamines)

Classification of amines

They are classified based on the number of substituents on nitrogen

Amines with fewer than __ carbons are miscible with water

Fewer than 5 carbons are miscible in water

How do low molecular weight amines smell?

Like fish

Aromatic Amine(NH2)

Aniline

HISTAMINE/ANTIHISTAMINES HERE

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Alkaloids

Naturally occurring organic nitrogen compound that has physiological effects on humans/animals. They are used as anesthetics, antidepressants, and stimulants such as caffeine.

Some well known alkaloids

Morphine/ephedrine/quinine/nicotine. There are over 3000 types of alkaloids.

Morphine and codeine are derived from..

a substance found in the seed capsules of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).

Reason why plants might produce alkaloids

For defense, as they usually have an effect on an insect nervous system + they make the plant taste bad

How do small changes to molecules change the properties of morphine, codeine, and heroin.

Morphine = Two hydroxyl grouos
Codeine = Hydroxyl + methyl ether

Heroin = 2 esters of acetic acid

Nicotine

Alkaloid found in plants from the nightshade family (Cauliflower, tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes and tobacco)

Tomatoes to nicotine conversion lol

About 350 large tomatoes to ingest as much nicotine as sitting next to a chain smoker for three hours

Amphetamines

Synthetic psychostimulant drugs that speed up the messages between brain and body. They are used for ADHD and narcolepsy, parkinsons disease.

Cocaine

Effects similar to amphetamines and crack, as it creates arousal. Almost immediate effect that peaks and fades in 15-30 mins, resulting in repeated use. The use of cocaine leads to mucosal constriction and perforation of the nasal septum

Crack

Similar to cocain, but with more extreme effects. THey last about 10 minutes. It is usually smoked, creating aggressive or paranoid be

Important alkaloids

Caffeine, theobromine, nicotene, dextromethorphan, quinine, cocaine, atropine,scopolamine, zephiran chloride, coniine, melatonin, LSD, IMP

Marijuana

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Amides in polymers

Pervasive in nature and tech. Proteins and important plastics like nylon, aramid, twaron adn kevlar are polymers connected by amide groups

Amides

Composed of a carboxylic acid and an ammonia OR amine.

Aromatic amide

Benzamide