Music art part 4

Rococo

Very elaborate and ornate (in decorating or metaphorically, as in speech and writing); relating to a highly ornate style of art and architecture in 18th-century France

Antoine Watteau

French artist during the rococo style; Embarkation for Cythera is one of his rococo masterpieces

Boucher

known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories, and pastoral scenes. He was perhaps the most celebrated painter and decorative artist of the 18th century

Clasical

Ancient Greek and Latin idealized

Viennese masters

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert

sponsorship of aristocracy

1. arts viewed as necessary adornment of life

2. music part of elaborate lifestyle

3. palace: center of musical life

4. steady demand for new works

5. economic security and social framework for composers

Opera, Instrumentalist, teacher, performance in salon

Opportunity of Woman

Concert Hall

here music stopped being a privet thing for the rich to enjoy

Elements of Classical Style

singable, lyrical melody

regular rhythms and meters

melody with accompanying harmony

frequent use of folk elements

Theme

a musical idea that is used as a building block in the construction of a composition

Thematic Development

The expansion of a theme, achieved by varying its melodic outline, rhythm, or harmony.

Motive

A theme's smallest melodic or rhythmic unit

Sequence

A motive that is repeated a a higher or lower level

Absolute Music

Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program. Also pure music.

Multimovement Cycle

A three- or four-movement structure used in Classical-era instrumental music—especially the symphony, sonata, concerto

Sonata-Allegro Form

The opening movement of the multimovement cycle, consisting of themes that are stated in the first section (exposition), developed in the second section (development), and restated in the third section (recapitulation).

Exposition

Opening section. In the fugue, the first section in which the voices enter in turn with the subject. In sonata-allegro form, the first section in which the major thematic material is stated. Also statement.

Theme Group

Several themes in the same key that function as a unit within a section of a form, particularly in sonata-allegro form.

Bridge

A transitional passage that leads into a contrasting key

Development

Structural reshaping of thematic material. Second section of sonata-allegro form; it moves through a series of foreign keys while themes from the exposition, are manipulated.

Recapitulation

The psychological climax of sonata-allegro form. Restates the first and second themes more or less in their original form, but with varied twists.

Coda

An extension of the closing idea that leads us to the final cadence in the home key

Theme and variations

Compositional procedure in which a theme is stated and then altered in successive statements; occurs as an independent piece or as a movement of a multimovement cycle

Melodic Variation

A procedure where a solo player embellishes a popular tune with a series of decorative flouishes

Harmonic Variation

The chords that accompany a melody are replaced by others, perhaps shifting from major to minor mode.

Rhythmic variation

The procedure in which note lengths, meter, or tempo is altered. Often used in theme and variations form.

Minuet and Trio

An A-B-A form (A = minuet; B = trio) in a moderate triple meter; often the third movement of the Classical multimovement cycle.

Rounded Binary Form

Compositional form with two sections, in which the second ends with a return to material from the first; each section is usually repeated.

Scherzo

A quick-paced dance in triple meter with the same overall three-part structure

Rondo

A form based on the recurrence of a musical idea in alteration with contrasting episodes.

Chamber Music

Music for a small ensemble with one player to a part

String Quartet

The central position in Classical chamber music. Consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello

Duo Sonata

Chamber music combination featuring a violin and piano or cello and piano.

Piano Trio

Chamber music combination with a violin, cello, and a piano

Quintet

A combination of string or wind instruments, or a string quartet and solo instrument.

rocket theme

quickly ascending rhythmic melody

steamroller effect

drawn-out crescendos

monothematic

a work or movement based on a single theme

scherzo

composition in A-B-A form, usually in triple meter; replaced the minuet and trio in the nineteenth century.

modified sonata-allegro form

A statement (exposition) and restatement (recapitulation) of themes without the development section typical in sonata-allegro form.

Turkish Janissary Bands

Music of the military corps of the Turkish sultan, characterized by percussion instruments such as triangle, cymbals, bell tree, and bass drum as well as trumpets and double-reed instruments.

cyclical form

form in which a theme or musical idea from one movement returns in a later movement.

cadenza

a fanciful solo passage in the manner of an improvisation that, toward the end, interrupts the movement

first-movement concerto form

Structure commonly used in first movements of concertos that combines elements of Baroque ritornello procedure with sonata-allegro form. Also first-movement concerto form.