Chapter 3- Chemical Reactions and Stochiometry

What is stoichiometry?

Quantitative relationship reactants and products

What are combination reactions?

Two or more substances react to form one product

What are decomposition reactions?

One substances breaks down into two or more substances

What are combustion reactions?

Rapid reactions that produce a flame (often involve hydrocarbons and oxygen)

What is the mole concept?

A quantity representing 6.022 × 10²³ (Avogadro’s Number)

What is formula weight (FW)?

The sum of the atomic weights for atoms in a chemical formula

What is molecular weight (MW)?

The sum of atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule

What is percentage composition?

The percentage by mass contributed by each element in the substance

Empirical vs Molecular Formulas

• Empirical- the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound

• Molecular- represents the actual number of atoms of each elements in a molecule

Limiting Reactant vs Excess Reactant

• Limiting- the reactant that limits the amount of product

• Excess- the reactant that isn’t completely used up during the reaction

What is theoretical yield?

The maximum amount of product that can be produced based on the limiting reactant

Actual vs Percentage Yield

• Actual- the measured amount of product obtained in an experiment

• Percentage- ratio of the product obtained compared to the theoretical yield