Plants exam 3

These flashcards encompass key terms and definitions related to plant tissue systems, growth, and anatomical structures based on the provided lecture notes.

Dermal Tissue

The outer protective layer of a plant, consisting primarily of the epidermis.

Vascular Tissue

Tissue responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant; includes xylem and phloem.

Ground Tissue

Tissue that makes up the bulk of the plant body and is involved in functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and support.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients from photosynthesis sites to other parts of the plant.

Tracheids

Long, tapered cells in xylem that help transport water and provide structural support; dead at maturity.

Vessel Elements

Short and wide cells in xylem that facilitate rapid water transport; also dead at maturity.

Sieve-Tube Members

Living cells in phloem that transport sugars and nutrients; contain sieve plates at their ends.

Companion Cell

Specialized phloem cell that assists sieve-tube members in nutrient transport.

Parenchyma

Ground tissue cells that are alive at maturity, involved in storage and photosynthesis, and can divide.

Collenchyma

Ground tissue cells that provide flexible support, typically found in stems and petioles.

Sclerenchyma

Ground tissue that includes dead cells with thickened lignified walls, providing strength.

Apical Meristems

Regions of actively dividing cells located at the tips of roots and shoots that contribute to primary growth.

Secondary Growth

Growth that increases the girth of stems and roots in woody plants, primarily through the activity of the vascular cambium.

Cork Cambium

A lateral meristem that produces cork, which forms the outer protective layer of woody plants.

Gravitropism

The growth of a plant in response to the force of gravity; roots show positive gravitropism.

Statoliths

Gravity-sensing structures found in the root cells that help in gravitropism.

Lenticels

Small openings in the bark that allow for gas exchange between the atmosphere and the interior of the plant.

Guard Cells

Cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange and water loss in plants.

Casparian Strips

Band of cell wall material in the endodermis that blocks the passive flow of materials into the vascular cylinder.

cell wall

cellulose

the leaf structure

cuticule- wax layer

stomata- openings

stamen 

male parts

anther-produce and holds pollen  

filament-supports the anther and connects it to the flower.

carpel

female parts

stigma-captures the pollen

style-supports the stigma to catch the pollen

ovary-contains the ovules

each plant has

dermal, vascular, and ground tissues

epidermis

outermost layer for primary growth

xylem 

water and minerals upward from the roots 

phloem

sugars and nutrients to where needed

the cortex 

under the epidermis that supports and covers the tissue and cells of stems and roots.

the cambium

the innermost layer that form the xylem and phloem

in dicots there are

the epidermis

cortex

vascular bundles

and pith

in dicots the vascular bundles

form rings and stay together

in monocots the vascular bundles 

are scattered throughout the stem and do not form a ring.

apical meristem

is a region of actively dividing cells located at the tip of growing roots and shoots, responsible for primary growth in plants.