ch 17 adaptive immunity kahoot

What is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

mother to child, breast feeding

Which adaptive immunity cell causes virus-infected or cancer cells to go through apoptosis?

CD8+ T cell

Cell-mediated immunity is most effective against:

Virus-infected host cells, cancer cells, and intracellular bacteria-infected host cells

Antibodies are produced by what type of white blood cell?

B cell

Where in the body do B cells mature?

B cells originate in bone marrow (where they develop into immature cells, but they further mature into functional B cells in the spleen and other secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes

TRUE FALSE B Cells differentiate into Plasma cells and Memory Cells

True, when naive B cells are activated by an antigen, they undergo clonal expansion and differentiate into the two main types of cells—plasma cells (effector cells) that produce a lot of antibodies, and memory B cells that provide long-term immunity for a faster response to future infections

What portion of an antibody has very little diversity?

The constant region

What antibody is the largest and first formed with a new infection?

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

What antibody is found in saliva and breast milk?

Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA)

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is produced in the highest concentration in a secondary (anamnestic) response?

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

What antibody can be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy through the placenta?

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the only antibody class that can cross this barrier, providing crucial passive immunity to the newborn until their own immune system develops, a process involving specific receptors on placental cells

Which antibody function blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa?

Neutralization

Which antibody function causes inflammation and lysis of the bacterial cell?

Activation of complement

Agglutination is when

antibodies cause antigens to clump together

Which Ab function coats Ags in order to enhance phagocytosis?

Opsonization

TRUE FALSE ADCC is a process in which immune cells recognize and kill antibody-coated target cells

True, ADCC is a process where immune cells recognize and kill antibody-coated target cells

TRUE FALSE T-cell dependent B-cell activation is more efficient than T-cell independent activation.

True, T-cell dependent B-cell activation is generally considered more efficient for strong, long-lasting immunity, producing high-affinity antibodies and memory cells, while T-cell independent activation is faster and more crucial for early defense against bacteria but yields weaker (MOSTLY) IgM responses without lasting memory.

What is the name of the specific site on the Ag where the Ab can bind to?

epitope (antigen determinant site)

TRUE FALSE A hapten can induce an immune response alone

False, it is too small and it has to be protein-bound to become immunogenic

MHC II markers are only present on specialized

antigen-presenting immune cells.

Which cells are activated by MHC II - antigen complexes on the surface of Antigen presenting cells (APCs)?

CD4+ helper T cells

Major APCs (Antigen-Presenting Cells):

Dendritic cells (DCs)

What is the main role of helper T cells?

secrete cytokines to enhance immune responses

T-dependent activation of B cells requires help from:

Helper T cells

Which branch of the adaptive immune system targets intracellular pathogens?

cell-mediated immunity

What is another name for CD8 T cells?

cytotoxic T cells

How does a cytotoxic T cell eliminate a virus or intracellular bacteria-infected body cell?

by releasing perforins and granzymes, inducing apoptosis

Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens presented by:

MHC class I molecules

TRUE FALSE Both immune responses to bacterial infections and viral infections involve innate and adaptive immunity.

True, both bacterial and viral infections trigger both innate (immediate, non-specific) and adaptive (slower, specific, memory-forming) immune responses

TRUE FALSE Viral infections are primarily countered by interferons, NK cells, cytotoxic T-cells, and neutralizing antibodies.

True, interferons, NK cells, cytotoxic T-cells, and neutralizing antibodies are key players in fighting viruses