volcanoes, earthquakes and the rock cycle

year 9

Tectonic plates are

large rigid pieces of the earths lithosphere that cover the earths surface fitting together like a puzzle and moves very slowly

Magma chamber is

the underground pool where magma collects before eruption.

Which volcano has gentle slopes

shield volanoes

Which volcano has steep sides and explosive eruptions?

Composite volcano

effects of volcanic eruptions include

- destroy agriculture and buildings
- cover areas with ash
- mudslides, fires, earthquakes, tsunamis

• injuring people

Earthquakes are caused by

rocks under the ground suddenly break or move because of pressure building up.

Focus is

the underground point where an earthquake starts.

Epicentre is

the point on the surface directly above the focus.

adding heat and pressure to igneous rock turns it into

metamorphic rock.

adding heat and pressure to sedimentary rock turns it into

metamorphic rock.

melting metamorphic rock turns it into

magma.

melting igneous rock turns it into

magma.

cooling magma turns it into

igneous rock.

weathering and erosion of igneous rock turns it into

sediments.

weathering and erosion of sedimentary rock turns it into

sediments.

weathering and erosion of metamorphic rock turns it into

sediments.

compaction and cementation of sediments turns them into

sedimentary rock.

to form sedimentary rock from igneous rock is by

weathering and erosion which makes sediment then compaction and cementation.

to form sedimentary rock from metamorphic rock is by

weathering and erosion which makes sediment then compaction and cementation.

to form igneous rock from metamorphic rock is by

melting which makes magma then cooling.

to form metamorphic rock from sedimentary rock is by

heat and pressure.

to form metamorphic rock by igneous rock

heat and pressure.

monogenetic volcano is

a volcano that can only erupt once

polygenetic volcano is

a volcano that can erupt multiple times

effects earthquakes can cause includes

- destruction of agriculture and buildings
- injuring people
- fires, landslides, tsunamis, homelessness

3 types of volcanoes are

cinder cone, shield, and stratovolcanoes.

3 types of volcano activity status

active, dormant and extinct

an active volcano means

An active volcano is one that has erupted recently or is expected to erupt again.

an dormant volcano means

A dormant volcano is one that hasn’t erupted in a long time but could erupt again in the future.

An extinct volcano means

An extinct volcano is one that hasn’t erupted for thousands of years and is not expected to erupt again.

properties of cinder cone volcanoes

• Small and Steep

• Erupts quickly but doesn’t last long

• Commonly found on the sides of larger volcanoes

• most endangered because of mining and building

• smallest type of volcano

properties of shield cone volcanoes

• Very Wide but Short

• Erupts often, but not very violently

• largest but weakest type of volcano

properties of stratovolcanoes

• Tall, steep and cone-shaped

• Eruptions are strong and can be dangerous

• strongest type of volcano

the richter scale

a way to measure the magnitude of an earthquake using a seismograph

Deep Focus is

• 300-700 km deep

• less common

• less damage

Shallow Focus is

• 0-70 km deep

• More Common

• More Damage

what is Erosion

The process where wind, water, or ice moves pieces of rock and soil from one place to another.

what is Weathering

The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by physical, chemical, or biological processes.

what is Compaction

The process where layers of sediment are pressed together, reducing space between them.

what is Cementation

The process where dissolved minerals stick the gaps between sediment grains and harden, to make rock.

Mercalli Scale

Measures how much damage an earthquake causes and how people feel it