Unit 3 Vocabulary AP World History Modern

AP

Gunpowder Empires

Large, multiethnic states in Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories. They included Russia, the Ottoman, the Safavid, and the Mugal empires

The Ghazi Ideal

The model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of nomads with the willingness to fight as a holy fighter for Islam

Shah

The Iraqi equivalent of a king or emperor

Castes

Strict Hindu social groups designated at birth. They included the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras, and Dalits

Divine Right of Kings

A common claim from the Middle Ages that the right to rule was given by God

Intendants

Royal officials (bureaucratic elites) sent out to the provinces to execute the orders of the central government

Cardinal Richelieu

A French clergyman, noblemen and statesman who served as the minister to King Louis XIII

Absolute Government

A system of government directed by one source of power, the king, with complete authority

Devshiome

A selection system used by the Ottoman Sultans to staff their military and their government

Zamindars

Paid government officials who were in charge of specific duties, like taxation, construction, and water supply

Boyars

The noble landowning class that stood at the top of the social pyramid in Russia

Peace of Augsburg

The resultant from a conflict between Lutherans and the Holy Roman Empire. It allowed each German state to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran

Edict of Nantes

An edict issued by King Henry IV that allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith

Peace of Westphalia

The Settlement from the Thirty Years' war, for that allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to chase between 3 religions: Roman Catholic, Lutheranism, and Calvinism

Indulgences

A payment that grants a person release from the punishments of sin

Simony

The selling of offices in the church

Jesuits

A religious order, also known as the Society of Jesus, founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola

Council of Trent

Council that corrected some of the Church's abuses and concentrated on reaffirming rituals and sacraments. They also published the Index of Prohibited Books

95 Theses

The expressions of Mortain Luther's challenges against the neck, which were nailed to a church slack

Martin Luther

A German monk whose beliefs helped reform the church

Puritans

A group of offshoots of Calvinism who wanted to purify the Church of England of Catholic remnants

Empiricism

A scientific method developed by English scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon that insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis