Lab Test Based On Deckchair

What are the 3 Fundamental Psychological Needs?

Self Determination Theory:
Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness

What is Flow?

The exhileration felt by an individual who undertakes complex tasks using complex skills - results from experiences that have : clear goals with feedback, challenges suited to skills, and are worth doing for personal sake

What is the science behind FLOW?

Those who spend more time in flow generally report increased self-esteem levels directly after the experience

What makes a good personality test?

Theoretically sound, valid, reliable, clear in generalizability

What is positive correlation?

oval around dots that lean to the right

What is negative correlation?

An oval leaning to the left

What is no correlation?

Circle with no lean

How is the first part of Lab 1 ran?

1. Correlation between two measures of self esteem

2. A split-half correlation - allows for validity within a questionnaire (BONUS MARK!)

What is the experimental question of Lab 1?

What is the effect of Feedback on your ability to correctly identify strength of correlation and the speed of response, whilst controlling for practice, number of items, random error and practice effects?

Pretest - Posttest design

What is the decision making strategy maximizing?

Attempting to find the absolute perfect decision even if it takes you the longest amount of time

What is the decision making strategy satisficing?

Choosing a reasonably good choice, often with a similar outcome as maximizing just taking less time

What is creativity?

the creation of ideas that are useful and unique, a process of discovery

What is divergent thinking?

thinking outside the box, taking many pathways to come to a conclusion

what is convergent thinking?

solving problems with a single solution, but using creativity to think outside the box to get there

What is latent inhibition and its effects?

it is the ability to block out information that is not useful; an important function, but in moderation. reduced latent inhibition may increase creativity by reducing constraints

What is the creativity test Alternative Uses?

a divergent creativity test where the participant is given an object and told to come up with as many uses of it as possible

What is the Incomplete Figures test?

a divergent creativity test where participants are given an incomplete shape and are told to complete it and name it

what is the Lateral Thinking Puzzles?

a convergent thinking test, trying to find single answers to a riddle using convergent thinking and thinking outside of the box

What is the Remote Associates Test? (RAT)

a convergent thinking test as the most valid & reliable creativity test with easy, medium, and hard questions, given 3 words and have to connect all 3 with another word

What is the experimental question of Lab 2?

What is the effect of Feedback and Difficulty of Question on your ability to correctly come up with a connecting word and reaction time whilst controlling for random error, practice effects and number of items?

What is positive psychology?

focused on finding strength in weakness, building the best things in life by repairing the worst - helping people live fufilling lives

What is a setpoint in positive psych?

an average of your trait - your ‘resting point’. Life’s circumstances only make up 10% of your setpoint

The 8 Steps Towards a Satisfying Life

Count Your Blessings, Practice Acts of Kindness, Savour Lifes Joys, Thank a Mentor, Learn to Forgive, Take care of your Body, Invest energy in Friends & Family, Develop strategies w stress and hardships

How does Satisfaction with Life Scale Work?

Variability of test is explained with its 5 questions, considered the most reliable measure of happiness

How does the Social Readjustment Scale work

Uses a list of 43 item list of experienced life - shows how stress can potentially cause illness. looks at eustress and detress

What is the relaxation response?

A mechanism of the body countering the “fight or flight response”, can be triggered through meditation

What does the relaxation response do?

Reduces heart/breathing rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, bodys metabolism, and calms brain activity, increases immune response, and changes gene activities opposite of stress

What is the experimental question for Lab 3?

What is the effect of Meditation and Difficulty of task on your ability to come up with a connecting word and your rate of response, whilst controlling for practice effects, number of trials, and random order viewing?

What is Psychophysics?

how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

What is Sensation?

stimulation of sense organs

What is Transduction?

the process of converting an external stimulus into electrical signals within neurons

What is Perception?

selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input

What was Fechner’s Law?

Size of perceptual experience is proportional to number of JND's that stimulus is above

What is Absolute threshold?

dividing point when abt 50% stimulus is detected

What is the Just-Noticable Difference?

Smallest difference in stimulus intensity that is noticable

What is Webers Law?

Size of JND is proportional to size of original stimulus

What is Signal Detection Theory?

hit, miss, false detection, correct rejection
sensory processes (sensitivity) + decision processes (bias)

What is the McGurk Effect?

When the auditory component of a sound doesn't match the visual

What is Bottom-Up Processing?

According to Feature Detection Theory, people detect specific elements in stimuli and build them up into recognizable forms

What is Top-Down processing?

Form perception involves top-down processing: Formulating a perceptual hypothesis of the stimulus as a whole, and then select and examining features to see if you’re right

What is an Illusion?

A distortion of the senses, revealling how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation

What is Perceptual Set Theory?

when our expectations influence our perceptions we have a tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others.
stresses perception is an ACTIVE PROCESS.

What are Optical Illusions?

discrepancy between visual appearance and physical reality

What is the Visual Cliff Experiment

Babies won't crawl over clear plexiglass by it doesn't want to "fall"

Ponzo Illusion

 Lines going off into the distance are perceived as smaller

Muller-Lyer Illusion

How two lines look different lengths theyre the exact SAME - the arrows are just pointing in or out

What is the Poggendorff Illusion

a straight line segment that is interrupted by an intervening structure, such as a rectangle

lines seem as though they would both connect but only 1 connects in a straight line

What is the Upside-Down T Illusion

In this illusion, vertical line and horizontal line of equal length intersect typically forming a T shape (or an upside-down T). The vertical line generally appears longer than the horizontal line

What is the The Ames Room

Room that is trapezoidal shaped but appears rectangular from a specific point of view, appears as person in 1 corner is much taller in bigger than person in the other corner

What is Impossible Figures

Two dimensional figures that the brain interprets as 3D but cannot exist in reality due to contradictory geometric properties - the necker cube

What is Lab 4’s experimental question?

What is the effect of the Physical size of the line on the probability of saying longer and the amount of time, whilst controlling for size of line, progressive error, and random error? 

What is magazine training?

Turning the food delivery sound into a secondary reinforcer for operant conditioning sniffy 

What is Shaping the Bar Pressing?

using positive reinforcement to train successive approximations to bar pressing

What is the Extinction of Bar Pressing?

when the behaviour no longer produces any rewards

What is Spontaneous Recovery with Sniffy?

the reappearance of the behaviour after extinction and timeout

What is the experimental question for Lab 5?

What is the effect of shaping procedures on Sniffy’s rate of bar pressing whilst controlling for hunger, need to sleep, and a continuous reinforcement schedule?