biology (cells)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Flattened sacs that fold proteins, which have ribosomes on the surface, making them rough.

Golgi Body (apparatus)

A complex of folded membranes within the cytoplasm, involved in making lysosomes and enzymes.

MISS- modify, identify, sort, send proteins to other parts of the cell.

Cell membrane

Thin, flexible barrier around a cell, regulates what enters and leaves the cell.Made from phospholipids with proteins for transport.

Lysosomes

Single cell, produced by the Golgi Body. Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out bacteria.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Branching network of smooth, tube like membranes

Directly connects with the RER, and has no ribosomes on the surface: hence the name “smooth”

It synthesises lipids, and helps convert glycogen to glucose in the liver

Mitochondrial matrix

Fluid filled space, enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondria. (Mitochondria’s cytoplasm)

Nucleus structure

Double membrane, pores, nucleoplasm, chromatin nucleolus

Chloroplast function

Converts solar energy (sunlight) into glucose for photosynthesis

Features of a bacteria cell

Conversions from cm-mm-micrometers-nanometers

Formula for magnification

i=AxM

Image size= Actual size x magnification

Units= cm/mm (image)

Micrometers/nanometers (actual)

x (magnification)

Stroma

Chloroplasts cytoplasm

Matrix

Mitochondria’s cytoplasm

Similarities between bacteria and viruses

Both store DNA/rDNA in the centre

Both lack mitochondria and chloroplasts

Differences between bacteria and virus cells

Bacteria (sometimes) has a flagellum

Bacteria has a capsule, viruses have capsids

Bacteria are much larger (x20-x100 times bigger)

Bacteria are alive, and can reproduce on their own through binary fission, whereas viruses must inhabit a host cell.