ANAT CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

plasma membrane

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.

Cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Nucleus

center of cell holding (DNA)

Nuclear Evelope/Membrane

membrane surrounding nucleus made with material that manages materials going in and out

Chromosome

DNA- during cell division

Chromatin

DNA-during normal cell function and condenses into tightly coiled

Nucleolus

very middle of nucleus- responsible for producing and assembling ribosome subunits

Ribosomes

tiny structures inside cell working/ reading to create proteins for the body

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

ribosome-free membrane network that synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies chemicals and drugs.

Golgi apparatus

flattened membrane, modifing, sorting, tags and packages protine and lipids

Mitochondrion/a

powerhouse of the cell" that performs cellular respiration to generate usable energy in the form of ATP

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, debris, foreign invaders, and worn-out organelles

Peroxisome

Small organelles containing oxidative enzymes that neutralize toxic substances, degrade fatty acids, and break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Cytoskeleton

A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell shape

Centrioles

Cylindrical pairs of microtubule structures involved in organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division

Centrosome

primary microtubule-organizing center near the nucleus that contains a pair of centrioles.

Cilia

Short, hair-like projections on the cell surface that move in coordinated waves to sweep materials across the cell exterior

Flagellum

long, whip-like tail structure (such as on a sperm cell) that rotates or propels the cell forward through fluid.

Microvilli

Tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area to maximize absorption (commonly found in intestinal epithelial cells)