BIOL 224 Lab 13: Digestive System

ingestion

entrance of materials from mouth into digestive tract

mechanical processing

breaking down of materials physically (chewing or churning)

digestion

chemical breakdown of foods into fragments small enough for absorption

secretion

release of water, enzymes, acids, buffers, and salts into digestive tract via digestive tract epithelium or glandular organs

absorption

passage of organic substrates, vitamins, electrolytes, and water into interstitial fluid of digestive tract across digestive epithelium

excretion

eliminate of wastes from body fluids

mastication

act of chewing initial mechanical breakdown of food

tongue

gingivae

teeth

hard palate

soft palate

uvula

parotid salivary glands

parotid ducts

duct

palatine tonsils

sublingual salivary glands

submandibular salivary glands

submandibular duct

lower duct

crown

portion that you can see of tooth

neck of the tooth

root

root canal

apical foramen

enamel

A

dentin

B

pulp cavity

periodontal ligament

cementum

outermost layer (blue layer) outside of root

incisors

cuspids

premolars

molars

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

esophagus

lower esophageal sphincter

lesser curvature

greater curvature

cardia of the stomach

entrance area (not a sphincter)

fundus of the stomach

bulge

body of the stomach

main portion of the stomach

pylorus of the stomach

region

pyloric sphincter

sphincter

rugae of the stomach

duodenum

jejunum

superior portion of small intestines

ilieum

inferior portion of small intestines

plicae circulares

rings that LINE inside of small intestines

mucosa

E

mucosal epithelium

surface layer of mucosa

mucous (goblet) cells

of villi

indentations

white cells

lamina propria

background orange

muscularis mucosae

in mucosa

lower portion of mucosa

intestinal crypt

indentations next to upped portions

submucosa

F

under mucosa

muscularis externa

A

circular muscle layer

G

longitudinal muscle layer

layer between serosa and circular muscle layer

serosa

outer layer of large model of stomach/small intestinal lining

gastric pit

stomach-specific

gastric gland

additional indentations after 1st

stomach-specific

oblique muscle layer

darker colored-layer

stomach-specific

intestinal villi

villi of these

specific to small intestine

lacteal

specific to small intestine

capillary network

#8 on right

specific to small intestines

ileocecal valve

valve

cecum

appendix

ascending colon

right colic flexure

transverse colon

left colic flexure

descending colon

sigmoid colon

haustra

circled portions

taeniae coli

muscle along

rectum

end muscle after sigmoid colon

anus

opening at end of rectum

internal anal sphincter

internal muscles controlling opening of anus (involuntary)

external anal sphincter

external muscles controlling opening of anus (voluntary)

falciform ligament

round ligament

right lobe of the liver

quadrate lobe

caudate lobe

left lobe of the liver

common hepatic duct

gallbladder

cystic duct

common bile duct

parietal peritoneum

visceral peritoneum

lining of internal organs

mesentery proper

proper

falciform ligament

above liver in midsagittal section of torso connecting liver to above

lesser omentum

greater omentum

pancreatic duct

E

accessory pancreatic duct