Gov unit 1 test review

Baron de Montesquieu

1689-1755

Separation of Powers

Civil Law

Law that mainly focuses on solving issues and compensation instead of pursuing crimes

Common Law

Legal rules & principles on court decisions based on judicial ideals instead of statues

Consent of the Government

Government’s right to use power only when okay with the people being affected by power

Individual Rights

Freedom & liberty

John Locke

1632-1704 (Enlightenment)

natural rights

Justinian law code

529-534 CE (Byzantine Empire)

Roman Laws put together by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I

Magna Carta

established role that everyone including the King must obey the law

Social Contract

agreement to give up freedom for safety

William Blackstone

Wrote The Commentaries on laws of England

Democracy

Power is the people

Direct Democracy

Citizens vote directly on laws

Federal republic

Power is between government & elected officials

Parliamentary System

Political Party with most seats in Parliament from executive branch & the leader becomes the prime minister

Presidential Systems

President serves as head of the state & government

Representative Democracy

Government where citizens elect officials to make laws & decisions for them

Virtual Representation

one party acts/speaks for another group

Thomas Jefferson

Founding father, 3rd president, wrote Declaration of Independence

James Madison

Founding father, 4th president, drafter constitution, wrote bill of rights

Parliament

Elected officials in a country make, stop, and change laws

Capitalism

Economic system where private individuals own tools not the government

Free market

Economic system where buyers trade & sell goods freely

Lee Resolution

Monumental document that set United State’s independence in motion

Articles of Confederation

First written constitution & governing document of United States

Despotic

Total power & using it in a cruel way

Federalism

system of government where power is divided between national & individual government

Northwest Ordinance

Law that made a clear system for organizing new western territories and admitting them as equal states

Preamble

Intro statement at the beginning of the Constitution

Shay’s Rebellion

Armed uprising in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shay & farmers who were losing their land due to high taxes & debt collection

Sumptuary laws

Regulations enacted by government to enforce hierarchies & control people & spending

Civic Responsibility

Actions & social obligations that a citizen takes on to support the country

Enumerated Powers

Specific authorities granted by federal government, mainly congress by US Consitution

Implied Powers

Powers not directly written in a founding document

Representative government

Citizens elect officials to vote on policies

Bill of Rights

Official name of first 10 amendments of constitution

Tribal government

Ruling body of indigenous people that holds legal right to govern its people & land