Chapter 42: Nutrition Basics

What are the six major nutrients?

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Which nutrients provide energy?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

4 kcal/g.

How many calories per gram do proteins provide?

4 kcal/g.

How many calories per gram do fats provide?

9 kcal/g.

What is metabolism?

Chemical processes that use nutrients for energy and growth.

What is BMR?

Basal metabolic rate: energy used at rest to maintain vital functions.

What BMI range is generally considered normal adult weight?

18.5-24.9.

What BMI is generally considered obesity?

30 or greater.

What are simple carbohydrates?

Sugars that digest quickly.

What are complex carbohydrates?

Starches and fiber-containing foods that digest more slowly.

What is dietary fiber important for?

Bowel function, satiety, cholesterol management, and glucose management.

What are essential nutrients?

Nutrients the body cannot make in sufficient amounts and must obtain from the diet.

What is dehydration?

Insufficient body fluid that may cause dizziness, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and low urine output.