Endocrine System: Effects of Hormones

Thryotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Effects

Promotes secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin (PRL)

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) Effects

Promotes secretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Effects

Promotes secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Effects

Promotes secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) Effects

Inhibits secretion of Prolactin (PRL)

Somatostatin Effects

Inhibits secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Effects

Stimulates Mitosis and Cellular Differentiation (widespread tissue growth)

Prolactin (PRL) Effects

Mammary Glands: synthesizes milk after birth of baby

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Effects

Stimulation secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Effects

Testes: stimulates testosterone secretion

Ovaries: stimulates ovulation and secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Effects

Testes: stimulates sperm production

Ovaries: stimulates secretion of estrogen and development of ovarian follicles

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Effects

Stimulates secretion of Cortisol (Glucocorticoid)

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) Effects

Increases water retention

Oxytocin (OT) Effects

Labor contractions, flow of breast milk, mother-infant bonding

Melatonin Effects

Sleep / Wake cycle (Circadian Rhythm)

Thymosin Effects

T cell maturation and activity

T3 and T4 (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin) Effects

Elevate metabolic rate, heat production, heart rate, stimulate protein synthesis

Calcitonin Effects

Decreases blood-calcium levels by stimulating bone deposition by osteoblasts

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effects

Increases blood-calcium levels by stimulating bone reabsorption by osteoclasts

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (catecholamines) Effects

Sympathetic Responses

(promotes alertness, makes glucose more available, increases metabolic rate, increases respirations, increases blood flow to heart, muscles, brain, decreases blood flow to digestive tract and skin)

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) Effects

Promotes water and sodium retention to increase blood pressure and blood volume

Cortisol (glucocorticoid) Effects

Stimulates fat and protein breakdown, gluconeogenesis, adaptation to stress, and tissue repair to suppress inflammation

Glucagon Effects

Glycogen breakdown, increase blood-glucose level

Insulin Effects

Stimulates glucose uptake, lowers blood-glucose level

Estrogen Effects

Stimulates female reproductive development and adolescent growth, regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Progesterone Effects

Regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Testosterone Effects

Stimulates fetal and adolescent reproductive development, musculoskeletal growth, and sperm production

Estrogen and Progesterone Effects

Stimulates fetal development and maternal bodily adaptations to pregnancy

Estrogen and Testosterone Effects

Testosterone: libido and prenatal male development

Estrogen: important for sustaining bone mass after menopause